The appointment, which began on 1 January 2026, follows a year-long sabbatical spent at Monash University and the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility in Grenoble, and reflects a shared ambition to deepen collaboration between the UK and Australia in advanced materials research and manufacturing.

In line with this, Professor Withers will also take up responsibility for identification and establishment of Strategic Research Partnerships at the .

Reflecting on the new role, said: 鈥淒uring my time in Melbourne, I saw enormous potential for deeper collaboration between UK and Australian universities, particularly in Advanced Materials Manufacturing. Working across these two world-class institutions, and more broadly between our two countries, offers significant opportunities for innovation and impact. Furthermore, this three-way appointment also allows me to build on the strong national platform that the Royce has established over its first decade, by helping to develop and sustain robust international academic and industrial partnerships.鈥�

The University of 野狼社区 is home to more than 700 materials experts whose research is revolutionising industries through the development of advanced materials that unlock new levels of performance, efficiency and sustainability. Supported by the University鈥檚 拢885 million investment in its campus over the past decade, researchers are at the forefront of materials innovation, delivering game-changing solutions across sectors from healthcare to manufacturing, tackling global challenges and reinforcing the UK鈥檚 reputation as a technology 鈥榮uperpower鈥�.

Over the next five years, Professor Withers鈥� joint appointment will support collaborative research programmes between 野狼社区 and Monash, enable greater researcher and student exchange, and strengthen engagement with industry partners across both countries, particularly in the area of advanced materials manufacturing.

, Vice Dean and Head of School of Natural Sciences at The University of 野狼社区 said: 鈥淭his is an excellent opportunity to build on our existing links with Monash and the exciting future that this collaboration will deliver.  Phil鈥檚 joint appointment will enable us to create multiple strands of activity across a wide range of materials science and engineering and beyond.鈥�

Professor Mahmoud Mostafavi, Head of Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering at Monash University, added: 鈥淩egius Professor Withers, FRS is a world-renowned materials scientist and engineer and a leading international figure in key subjects. We are extremely delighted that he will be joining Monash at this critical time for Australia. In addition to his extraordinary research leadership, Professor Withers will be acting as a bridge between materials research in Australia and UK, Europe, and the rest of world, particularly through his affiliation with the Henry .鈥�&苍产蝉辫;

Professor Withers is the inaugural Regius Professor of Materials and his research focuses on understanding how engineering materials perform, particularly in demanding environments, and on developing new materials with improved durability and performance. He is internationally recognised for his pioneering use of X-ray imaging techniques to create three-dimensional images of materials, revealing their microstructure and identifying defects or damage in engineering components.

In recognition of this work, the Henry Moseley X-ray Imaging Facility (HMXIF), established by Professor Withers, was awarded the Queen鈥檚 Anniversary Prize in 2014. The HIMXIF, has since grown into one of the most extensive suites of 3D X-ray imaging facilities in the world and now host the.

Professor Withers is a Fellow of both the Royal Society, the Royal Academy of Engineering and Academia Europea as well as a foreign member of the Chinese Academy of Engineering and the Indian National Science Academy. In 2012, he became the inaugural Director of the BP International Centre for Advanced Materials, which focuses on understanding and developing materials for the energy sector. As Chief Scientist at the Henry Royce Institute, he leads the development of the Institute鈥檚 research strategy - all expertise he will bring to his joint appointment with Monash University.

The project, led by Professor Yasser Mahmoudi Larimi from The University of 野狼社区, has been awarded a 拢3 million EPSRC Critical Mass Programme Grant. It brings together expertise from industry and academia across the UK, including The University of 野狼社区, the University of Birmingham, the University of Liverpool, Cranfield University and Imperial College London.

As the UK increases its use of renewable energy, one of the biggest challenges is how to store excess electricity generated on windy or sunny days and make it available when demand rises, or when the weather changes and turns dark, for example. GPStore aims to deliver a first-of-its-kind approach to storing clean energy for hours, weeks or months - something existing storage options cannot achieve at scale.

By 2050, the UK is expected to need up to 100 terawatt-hours of long-duration energy storage to ensure a stable, affordable and low-carbon energy system. While today鈥檚 technologies, such as pumped hydro, compressed air and flow batteries, offer useful short- to medium-duration storage, they often face geographical and environmental constraints, high costs, or complex engineering, making them difficult to scale.

The novel GPStore technology takes a completely different approach. It converts surplus renewable electricity into high-temperature heat storing in solid particles, in aboveground insulated tanks. When energy is needed, the stored thermal energy is converted back to electricity. GPStore could help manage energy demand not only day-to-day, but also between summer and winter, which is essential for achieving a fully renewable, climate-resilient energy grid.

The project brings together 13 academics across five UK universities and 16 industry and policy partners, including EDF Energy, UK Power Networks, Fraser-Nash Consultancy and 野狼社区 City Council.

The initiative, known as the Resource for AI Science in Europe (RAISE), brings together computing power, data, expertise and funding to support researchers in applying AI to scientific discovery across all disciplines.

Following an announcement at the AI in Science Summit in Copenhagen, the SCIANCE (AI in Science) consortium, which includes researchers at The University of 野狼社区, has been invited to enter into a grant agreement to support the development and pilot phase of RAISE under Horizon Europe.

SCIANCE will coordinate AI-enabled science across Europe through a bottom-up, community-driven approach, bringing together top research organisations and major research facilities from across Europe, focusing on five key areas of science: physics and astronomy, materials science, life sciences, earth sciences, and social sciences and humanities.

The project will, among other things, deliver:

• A Strategic Research and Innovation Agenda (SRIA) for AI in Science
• An implementation roadmap for infrastructure upgrades
• The RAISE Secretariat for AI in science, to support long-term collaboration, capacity building, and alignment with European policy objectives.

The University of 野狼社区 brings an interdisciplinary team of researchers, including , who will act at the Scientific Coordinator for Astronomy and Astrophysics, and , also from , supported by from the 野狼社区 . 

RAISE is a flagship initiative under the European Strategy for AI in Science and aims to position Europe as a global leader in AI-enabled research by supporting scientists to develop and apply AI for transformative discoveries.

Jonas L鈥橦aridon, Project Coordinator, ESF, said: 鈥淪CIANCE represents a unique opportunity to coordinate AI-enabled science across Europe - connecting research communities, infrastructures and AI expertise in a way that truly reflects scientific priorities.鈥�

Engineers and geologists in the 鈥淒UST鈥� group at the University have developed a synthetic test dust supported by an EPSRC IAA Proof of Concept grant, led by Dr Merren Jones and , that accurately replicates the fine, talcum-powder-like particles commonly found in desert regions - materials known for causing accelerated wear on some aeroengine components.

This recreated dust has become an important element of Rolls-Royce鈥檚 extensive testing programme in Derby, where the company is working to improve the durability of engines used by airlines.

Sand ingested during take-off and climb can penetrate the hottest parts of an engine, corrode components, and block coolant holes. While not a safety issue, the damage reduces efficiency, increases the maintenance burden, and shortens component life.

Using the University of 野狼社区鈥檚 synthetic dust, Rolls-Royce has been able to replicate harsh Middle Eastern conditions inside its Testbed 80 facility in Sinfin.

of the University鈥檚 DUST Research Group, said: 鈥淪tandard test dusts do not contain the same chemical composition as the dust we see in the air of these increasingly busy airport hubs, therefore would not stress the engine in the same way. A bespoke recipe was needed to reproduce the molten glassy deposits that cause the damage in the hottest parts of the jet engine. Combining the expertise of geologists, who are familiar with the minerals of these regions and how they break down under high temperature, with engineers who can simulate the conditions inside a jet engine, has been pivotal in developing this bespoke test dust.鈥�

This realistic testing allowed engineers to trial new coatings that better withstand heat and corrosion, and to redesign coolant holes so they are less prone to blockage.

According to Pat Hilton, Rolls-Royce鈥檚 Test Facilities Manager, the University鈥檚 contribution has helped increase the understanding of how dust behaves inside high-temperature turbines. Engine changes have been tested with the synthetic raw material and modified engines have returned to service, showing  a 60% increase in time between overhauls.

The DUST group (Drs Jones, , and )  continues to support this effort through InnovateUK-funded projects focusing on on-wing component inspection and digital tool development for virtual sand and dust tests.

The work forms part of a 拢1 billion durability programme aimed at doubling the lifespan of engines such as the Trent XWB-97 by 2028. 野狼社区鈥檚 breakthrough dust replica is an important tool to achieve this goal, helping Rolls-Royce strengthen performance across its Middle Eastern fleet.

Published today in , the images reveal a series of delicate, ring-like structures that record decades of violent outbursts during the star鈥檚 early life.

The international study, which included astronomers at The University of 野狼社区, used the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA), one of the world鈥檚 most advanced astronomical facilities.

The team focused on a fast-moving jet emerging from SVS 13, a binary system around 1,000 light-years from Earth, capturing high-resolution images that show hundreds of nested molecular rings. Each group of rings trace the aftermath of an energetic burst during the star鈥檚 infancy.

The findings provide the first direct confirmation of a three decade old model of these jets, allowing the reconstruction of the chronological record of how forming stars feed on, and then explosively expel, surrounding material.

is a co-author on the paper and Principal Investigator of the UK ALMA Regional Centre Node, which supports UK astronomers in their use of the ALMA observatory.

He said: 鈥淎LMA has provided a level of precision we鈥檝e never been able to achieve before. These images give us a completely new way of reading a young star鈥檚 history.
Each group of rings is effectively a time-stamp of a past eruption. It gives us an important new insight into how young stars grow and how their developing planetary systems are shaped.鈥�

Stars like the Sun form deep within dense clouds of gas and dust. In their earliest stages, they undergo energetic outbursts that heat and disturb the material around them. At the same time, they launch rapid, tightly collimated jets of gas that play a crucial role in regulating how the star accumulates matter and how its surrounding disc 鈥� where future planets eventually form 鈥� evolves.

The team identified more than 400 individual rings in the jet from SVS 13, showing how its shape and speed change over time as it punches through its environment. Using this data, the researchers reconstructed the jet鈥檚 3D structure in unprecedented detail 鈥� a technique they describe as 鈥渃osmic tomography鈥�.

They found that the youngest ring matches a bright outburst observed from the SVS 13 system in the early 1990s. This is the first time astronomers have been able to directly connect a specific burst of activity in a forming star with a change in the speed of its jet.

The project involved researchers from 16 institutions across eight countries and was led by the Institute of Astrophysics of Andalusia (IAA-CSIC) in Spain. The new ALMA observations form part of a long-running project to understand how stars and planets form, building on earlier work from the US National Science Foundation鈥檚 Very Large Array (VLA), which first revealed the jets from SVS 13.

ALMA is run by the which is operated by , and . The (UK ARC Node) is supported by .

This research was published in the journal Nature Astronomy.

Full title: 'Bowshocks driven by the pole-on molecular jet of outbursting protostar SVS 13'

DOI: 10.1038/s41550-025-02716-2 

URL:

The study, published in the journal , is based on interviews with 23 housing and construction specialists. It reveals widespread concern that while heating in homes has long been a priority, cooling in homes is largely overlooked, despite climate change driving more frequent heatwaves.

The researchers warn that without urgent action, residents could face increasing energy bills and worsening health risks, increasing pressure on NHS and emergency services during extreme heat.

The study highlights gaps in policy and long-term funding making it difficult for the sector to deliver energy-efficient, climate-resilient homes and short-term schemes, like the Warm Homes Grant, may not provide long-term solutions.

It also highlights a skills gap and a lack of guidance on climate-resilient home design, particularly for cooling solutions.

The report calls for urgent action to:

• Establish a national climate-resilience strategy for homes, aligning housing policy with UK climate commitments
• Provide long-term, stable funding for social housing retrofits
• Prioritise cooling, ventilation and overheating prevention alongside heating efficiency
• Strengthen training and skills programmes for low-carbon, climate-resilient construction
• Ensure equitable outcomes for low-income households as energy systems transition

Lead researcher , a PhD researcher at The University of 野狼社区's Tyndall 野狼社区, said: 鈥淭he UK is not moving fast enough to protect residents from the impacts of climate change. Our research makes clear that we urgently need a comprehensive climate-resilience framework - one that brings together strategy, regulation, construction practice and smart energy-demand management.

鈥淭hermal comfort is a basic human need and our social homes must be safe, affordable and resilient. Overheating is already a risk, particularly for vulnerable residents, yet cooling is barely discussed in policy or practice. From our interviews, we can see that the construction sector is ready to act, but it needs clear direction, long-term commitment and a fair policy framework from the government.鈥�

The UK is committed to building over 1.5 million new homes while achieving net-zero carbon emissions by 2050. The researchers stress that without urgent action, the UK will fall further behind these climate targets.

While the introduction of Building Regulations Part O in 2022 marked progress, the researchers say it does not go far enough to counter the long-term temperature rise projected for the UK.

Claire Brown added: 鈥淗ousing must be treated as critical infrastructure, just like schools and hospitals, if we are to meet carbon budgets while delivering more than 1.5 million new homes. Without significant systemic change, we risk locking in higher emissions, higher costs and poorer outcomes for the people who rely on social housing most.鈥�

This research was published in the journal Energy Policy

Full title: Improving energy performance and futureproofing social housing: Professional views and policy directions in the UK

DOI:

URL:

In a study published today in , the team demonstrate a completely new way of probing the tiny 鈥渢icking鈥� of the thorium-229 nucleus without needing a specialised transparent crystal 鈥� a breakthrough that could underpin a new class of timekeeping so precise it could transform navigation, communications, earthquake and volcano prediction, and deep-space exploration.

The advance builds on a landmark achievement , when the team succeeded  in using a laser to excite the nucleus of thorium-229 inside a transparent crystal - a feat the team has been working on for the past 15 years.

Now, researchers have achieved the same results using a tiny fraction of the material and with a method so simple and inexpensive that it opens the door to real-world nuclear clock technology.

鈥淧reviously, the transparent crystals needed to hold thorium-229 were technically demanding and costly to produce, which placed real limits on any practical application,鈥� explained , co-author of the research and Lecturer in Computational and Theoretical Chemistry at The University of 野狼社区. 鈥淭his new approach is a major step forward for the future of nuclear clocks and leaves little doubt that such a device is feasible and potentially much closer than anyone expected.鈥�

In the new study, the team instead excited the thorium nucleus inside a microscopic thin film of thorium oxide, made by electroplating a minute amount of thorium onto a stainless-steel disc 鈥� a process similar to gold-plating jewellery and a radical simplification of their previous method.

The thorium nuclei absorb energy from a laser and then, after a few microseconds, transfer that energy to nearby electrons so it can be measured directly as an electric current. This method, known as conversion electron M枚ssbauer spectroscopy, has been in use for years, but normally requires high-energy gamma rays at special facilities. This is the first time it has  been demonstrated with a laser in an ordinary lab.

Crucially, it shows that thorium-229 can be studied inside far more common materials than previously thought, removing one of the biggest obstacles to building practical nuclear clocks.

The technique also offers new insight into how thorium-229 behaves and decays, which could one day inform new types of nuclear materials and future energy research.

鈥淲e had always assumed that in order to excite and then observe the nuclear transition the thorium needed to be embedded in a material that was transparent to the light used to excite the nucleus. In this work, we realized that is simply not true,鈥� said UCLA physicist Eric Hudson., who led the research. 鈥淲e can still force enough light into these opaque materials to excite nuclei near the surface and then, instead of emitting photons like they do in transparent materials like the crystals, they emit electrons which can be detected simply by monitoring an electrical current 鈥� which is just about the easiest thing you can do in the lab.鈥�

Like atomic clocks, nuclear clocks rely on the natural 鈥渢icking鈥� of single atoms. But in atomic clocks that process involves electrons, while nuclear clocks use oscillations within the nucleus itself. This makes them far less sensitive to external disturbances, giving them the potential to be orders of magnitude more accurate.

Nuclear clocks could even be used to predict earthquakes and volcanic eruptions. Because of Einstein鈥檚 theory of general relativity, nuclear clocks should be sensitive to small changes in the Earth鈥檚 gravity due to the movement of magma and rock deep underground. By placing nuclear clocks all over earthquake zones, like Japan, Indonesia, or Pakistan, we could watch what鈥檚 going on beneath our feet in real time and predict tectonic events before they happen.

Dr Morgan added: 鈥淚n the long term, this technology could revolutionise our ability to prepare for natural disasters. It鈥檚 incredibly exciting to think that thorium clocks can do things we previously thought were impossible, as well as improving everything we currently use atomic clocks for.鈥�

The research was funded by the National Science Foundation, and also included physicists from the University of Nevada Reno, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Ziegler Analytics, Johannes Gutenberg-Universit盲t at Mainz, and Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit盲t M眉nchen.

This research was published in the journal Nature

Full title: Laser-based conversion electron M枚ssbauer spectroscopy of 229ThO2 

DOI:10.1038/s41586-025-09776-4 

URL:  

Thanks to a 鈧�2.25M Consolidator Grant from the European Research Council (ERC), UnifySky - a five-year project led by Dr Phil Bull - will combine decades of existing radio observations with new data from a custom-built horn-antenna 鈥� named RHINO - to tackle one of cosmology鈥檚 biggest challenges.

The 鈥渞adio sky鈥� refers to the radio waves emitted by objects across the Universe, including pulsars, quasars, and clouds of hydrogen gas. Although invisible to the human eye, these signals carry vital clues about the Universe鈥檚 earliest moments, such as how the first stars and galaxies formed. Mapping the radio sky allows astronomers to uncover hidden structures and processes that cannot be seen with traditional optical telescopes. However, progress has been held back by sky maps that are incomplete, inconsistent, or affected by instrumental errors.

鈥淓xisting sky maps can be wrong by more than 10%, yet we need errors below 1%,鈥� explained Dr Bull, Reader in Cosmology at the Jodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics, University of 野狼社区. 鈥淭hese inaccuracies arise from old, inconsistent data stitched together from many different telescopes. Without improved models, the faint signals from the first stars and galaxies are lost beneath the much stronger radio emission from our own Galaxy.鈥�

To achieve this, the project will combine decades of existing observations with new, precisely calibrated measurements from RHINO. Using advanced statistical techniques implemented in Dr Bull鈥檚 world-leading software, UnifySky will untangle overlapping signals and correct for errors from previous instruments, producing the first fully consistent model of the radio sky.

A key target is the extremely faint 21cm signal emitted by hydrogen in the early Universe, which carries key information about when the first stars and galaxies formed. The improved models will transform the scientific output of major experiments such as the ), and the which are seeking to observe the signal.

The project will also revisit two puzzling results reported by the instrument and experiment, which both detected unusual radio signals that some researchers have suggested might hint at new physics.  It is not yet clear whether these signals are real or the result of errors in making these tricky measurements.

The UnifySky project will focus on three main areas of work:

1.      Building a high-precision statistical model of the radio sky
By developing an advanced statistical model that combines past and current radio observations, the project will produce a single, consistent map of the sky. This model will correct long-standing errors, account for uncertainties, and provide a flexible tool for calibrating telescopes and studying the faint signals from the early Universe.

2.      Observing the sky with a novel horn antenna telescope
By building a precisely calibrated horn antenna called the project will reobserve the unusual signal seen by the EDGES experiment and provide a reliable reference for other measurements. The antenna will be the size of a semi-detached house, and will be built at the Jodrell Bank Observatory, a stone鈥檚 throw away from the historic Lovell telescope.

3.      Unlocking new physics from the radio sky
By combining the new, high-precision sky model with RHINO鈥檚 calibrated measurements, the project will re-analyse data from leading radio telescopes to study the early Universe. This will improve measurements of the 21cm signal from the first stars and galaxies, map the radio emission from our Galaxy, and separate different sources of cosmic radio waves. The results will give new insights into the formation of early structures and the effects of dark energy.

The work builds on Jodrell Bank鈥檚 long-standing global reputation in radio astronomy, together with Dr Phil Bull鈥檚 world-leading expertise in theoretical and observational cosmology, ensuring 野狼社区 is uniquely equipped to deliver the UnifySky project.

The TechExpert pilot, part of the , will support 500 new doctoral students eligible for home fee status in participating UKRI Centres for Doctoral Training (CDTs) and Doctoral Focal Awards (DFAs) in the six frontier industries under the digital and technologies sector in the , plus a small number prioritised for digital and technologies in the Financial Services sector agreed between the Department for Science, Innovation and Technology and HM Treasury.

TechExpert students will receive an enhanced stipend of 拢10,000 above the UKRI minimum stipend. In return students will be asked to take part in additional TechExpert activities for up to 10 days each year, including outreach to promote tech careers, networking with the TechFirst community and engagement with the tech industry. 

The aim of the TechExpert pilot is to strengthen the UK鈥檚 innovation pipeline and build a more inclusive, resilient and high-impact research ecosystem. It will test whether a higher stipend makes doctoral study a more competitive and financially viable alternative to entry-level industry roles, retaining talented graduates in research roles at doctoral level to upskill for future tech careers, as well as providing a viable way back into these roles for those who are employed. 

This programme is being delivered by the UKRI Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC), working with the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC) and Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), on behalf of the Department for Science, Innovation and Technology.

An international collaboration of scientists, including from The University of 野狼社区, working on the experiment at the U.S. Department of Energy鈥檚 Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory announced that they have found no evidence for a fourth type of neutrino, known as a sterile neutrino.

For decades, physics experiments have observed neutrinos - sub-atomic particles that are all around us - behaving in a way that doesn鈥檛 fit . One of the most promising explanations was the existence of a sterile neutrino, named because they are predicted not to interact with matter at all, whereas other neutrinos can. This means they could pass through the Universe almost undetected.

Using a highly sensitive detector called MicroBooNE, sitting on two different neutrino beams, the researchers observed how thousands of neutrinos behaved over several years. If the fourth neutrinos existed, it would have left a clear fingerprint. The result, published today in the journal , shows there was no evidence and rules out a single sterile neutrino explanation with 95% certainty.

Professor of Particle Physics at The University of 野狼社区 and co-spokesperson for MicroBooNE, said: 鈥淎ny time you rule out one place where physics beyond the Standard Model could be, that makes you look in other places. This is a result that is going to really spur a creative push in the neutrino physics community to come up with yet more exciting ways of looking for new physics. Sometimes, science is just as much about what you don鈥檛 find as what you do."

The University of 野狼社区 played a leading role in the breakthrough. Dr Elena Gramellini was the driving force behind the experiment鈥檚 physics programme using the NuMI beam - a crucial part of the analysis behind this result. Professor Roxanne Guenette was one of the originators of MicroBooNE鈥檚 short-baseline oscillation programme, helping to shape the strategy used to investigate the sterile-neutrino question. The new paper builds directly on that foundational work.

Neutrinos come in three known types, or flavours: muon, electron and tau. They can change from one type to another as they travel. But this flavour-flipping cannot fully be explained by the current Standard Model.

Some earlier experiments - -  also made observations suggesting that muon neutrinos were oscillating into electron neutrinos over shorter distances than should be possible.

鈥淭hey saw flavour change on a length scale that is just not consistent with there only being three neutrinos,鈥� explained , 鈥淎nd the most popular explanation over the past 30 years to explain the anomaly is that there鈥檚 a sterile neutrino.鈥�

The experiment collected data from 2015 to 2021, observing neutrinos from Fermilab鈥檚 Booster Neutrino Beam and the NuMI beam. MicroBooNE is the first experiment that has done a sterile neutrino search with one detector and two beams simultaneously. This reduces the uncertainties in MicroBooNE鈥檚 result, making it possible to exclude nearly the entire favoured region in which a single sterile neutrino could be hiding. 

Although this result rules out one explanation for anomalies seen in neutrino behaviour, the mystery itself remains. Scientists are now analysing the remaining MicroBooNE data and other experiments in the Short-Baseline Neutrino Program are also on the case.

In addition to the search for new physics, the MicroBooNE collaboration is providing insight into how neutrinos interact in liquid argon, an important metric that will benefit other liquid-argon time projection chamber experiments such as the .

Matthew Toups, Fermilab senior scientist and co-spokesperson for MicroBooNE, said: 鈥淚t鈥檚 really exciting to be doing both cutting-edge science that has a major impact on our field as well as developing novel techniques that will support and enable future scientific measurements.鈥�

This research has been published in the journal

Full title: Search for light sterile neutrinos with two neutrino beams at MicroBooNE

DOI: 10.1038/s41586-025-09757-7

URL:

The University of 野狼社区 is globally renowned for its pioneering research, outstanding teaching and learning, and commitment to social responsibility. We are a truly international university 鈥� ranking in the top 50 in a range of global rankings 鈥� with a diverse community of more than 44,300 students, 12,800 colleagues and 585,000 alumni.  Sign up for our e-news to hear first-hand about our international partnerships and activities across the globe. 

By , Professor of Evolutionary Ecology & Conservation, The

On the western flanks of Mount Kenya lies the Laikipia plateau, an achingly beautiful landscape that is both a refuge for wildlife and a home to traditional Masai communities. Black rhinos, which were once nearly extinct, are now thriving on some of these conservation properties, thanks to the intense efforts to keep them safe.

The tells the story of the people and the challenges faced to in this volatile landscape. The cinematography and score beautifully captures the landscape, people, animals and pace of life, which is at times languorous and at times frantic.

The story unfolds from the perspective of two rangers. Ramson Kiluko is an experienced ranger who works with his team to watch, protect and understand the rhinos. The film gives us a glimpse into his family life, the camaraderie of the ranger team and the rich knowledge he has about the lives of individual rhinos and their landscape. Rita Kulamu is a young ranger learning about rhinos as her property prepares to welcome them. Their work takes place against a background of danger, posed by both people and animals.

Rhino focuses on the critical role rangers play in the conservation story of black rhinos, which is an inspiring change from the traditional wildlife documentary that suggests a wildness that exists without the need for human intervention or involvement. Once on the brink of extinction, it is precisely the intensive efforts made to protect rhinos by people like Kiluko and Kulamu that has seen .

The film loosely follows a narrative around the planned move of 21 rhinos from the and reserves in central Kenya, where they are too numerous, to 鈥� a 58,000 acre wildlife conservation area which has long been without rhinos.

On Lewa and Borana, the rhinos fight for space and territory, on Loisaba they have the opportunity to create a new breeding population. Moving rhinos between reserves is a core part of their conservation. Poaching pressures require rhinos to be fiercely guarded. In Kenya, where my team has carried out research to understand the factors that lead to successfully breeding , rangers are tasked with finding each rhino every day. Fences that keep rhinos in and people out mean that rhinos cannot move to avoid threats, avoid inbreeding, or to reestablish populations where they no longer are found.

Moving rhinos is far from easy. They can be aggressive and need to be handled with care. Rhinos are also not very resilient to being moved between properties. These moves often lead to rhinos dying from fighting, stress and .

The film shows how led to a delay of several years to try to maximise the success . This widespread and prolonged drought caused intense suffering of humans, livestock and wildlife. Conflicts over animals and land boiled over, leading to violence but also . These day-to-day challenges faced by conservationists are rarely touched on. Hopefully this film will help audiences understand that there are legions of passionate conservation professionals behind every success story.

However, there is much that the story doesn鈥檛 tell. My experience researching wildlife health and disease in this landscape has highlighted how critical it is to create solutions that benefit both nature and people. Laikipia is a complicated landscape, where land rights, land ownership and power inequalities create tensions, and even violence, .

This is a landscape where settlers, European farmers that immigrated, appropriated the best, most productive beautiful lands from . High-end conservation reserves manage landscapes that teem with wildlife but are often off limits to the people that once moved widely with their animals. Our conversations with local people suggest that they view rhino conservation as a Trojan horse, moved around to justify high fences, armed security and to restrict people鈥檚 movement.

Rhino portrays the situation in somewhat simplistic terms: the good rangers and the bad 鈥渂andits鈥�. In reality, conservation sits at a much less clear cut interface between the haves and the have nots, between those with international and national support for protecting animals, and pastoralists, a traditional way of life where people move with their herds of animals across the land, who feel their rights and traditional lands have been taken from them and that the wild animals have more rights that they do.

Violence comes not just from evil, avaricious thieves, but sometimes from frustrated, desperate people who have to deal with too many animals on too little land. Rhino tells an interesting and valuable story, but true conservation success must also address inequality, disenfranchisement and the tensions that 鈥減arachute鈥� and colonial conservation in local communities.

This article is republished from under a Creative Commons license. Read the .

The report, commissioned by Marketing 野狼社区, Visit England, and the Growth Company, is the first detailed analysis of direct tourism emissions for a city-region in England. The findings reveal that international flights and domestic car travel are the biggest sources of emissions, alongside smaller impacts such as accommodation, and attractions.

Led by Dr Chris Jones and , the research also makes recommendations for how the region can grow a low carbon visitor economy in the region, supporting Greater 野狼社区鈥檚 ambition to become carbon neutral by 2038.

The framework will act as a guide for other destinations to conduct similar assessments and address common data limitations in the tourism sector.

a Research Associate based at the Tyndall Centre for Climate Change, said: 鈥淭ourism connects people with places and cultures, while supporting local economies and jobs. However, this value can鈥檛 come at the expense of our environment. In the climate crisis it is vital that the sector becomes sustainable in every sense of the word. Measuring tourism emissions is challenging, but it is important for identifying where change is most needed.

鈥淏y commissioning this research Marketing 野狼社区 has taken an important and proactive step to decarbonise tourism. We hope that this work will not only support Greater 野狼社区 to take action and reimagine what truly sustainable tourism looks like, but also inspire other destinations to do the same.鈥�

Key findings of the report include:

• International travel dominates emissions: Although relatively low visitor numbers, long-haul flights from Asia, Oceania, and North America make a disproportionately large contribution to carbon impacts.
• Domestic car travel a major contributor: Trips by petrol and diesel vehicles account for the majority of domestic travel emissions, even on well-connected rail routes.
• Trip profiles matter: Analysis suggests the carbon footprint or a trip to Greater 野狼社区 can range from under 10kg CO鈧俥 for regional day-trippers to over 500kg CO鈧俥 for long-haul visitors. Mostly because of transport options.
• Low-carbon infrastructure already in place: Most major attractions benefit from excellent public transport accessibility, increasing the opportunity for car-free tourism.

Recommended actions include:

• Promoting rail and ferry access from nearby European countries.
• Targeting tourism growth in markets accessible by low-carbon transport.
• Supporting accommodation providers and attractions to meet local energy efficiency targets.
• Encouraging car-free tourism through public transport integration and sustainable travel itineraries.

The research establishes benchmark targets aligned with Greater 野狼社区's commitment to reach carbon neutrality by 2038 and its aim to be in in the Global Destination Sustainability Index top 40, including phasing out petrol and diesel car visits and ensuring no net growth in aviation emissions until truly low-carbon alternatives become available at scale. It also supports Marketing 野狼社区's participation in the Glasgow Declaration on Climate Action in Tourism.

Victoria Braddock, Managing Director of Marketing 野狼社区, said: 鈥淭ourism is a significant contributor to Greater 野狼社区鈥檚 economy, but we cannot overlook its environmental impact. As a destination, Greater 野狼社区 is passionate about driving forward low-carbon tourism, and this report, in collaboration with the Tyndall Centre, is helping us set a standard for other English cities to follow through . Having clear objectives will help us to make a positive impact and support our partners to become greener in the process; all of which will contribute to our region鈥檚 ambition to become carbon neutral by 2038 and keep our status as a leading sustainable UK destination.鈥�

Most national strategies emphasise supply-side technological solutions such as electrification and renewable energy generation. But the research, published today in , finds that supporting demand-side solutions, such as social and behavioural changes to how people travel, work, heat their homes, and consume goods, could cut total UK energy demand by between 18% and 45% by 2050 compared to today.

These demand-focussed pathways would continue to maintain quality of life while costing around half as much as technology-led pathways.

The finding is the result of a unique collaboration between academics from The University of 野狼社区, University College London, University of Leeds, and University of Oxford and members of the public, which informed a published by the UK Government Office for Science in 2023.

The study uniquely placed policymakers at the centre of modelling four future scenario designs, guided by the experts. Together, they explored how different mixes of technology, lifestyle, and social change could shape the country鈥檚 energy system and costs:

• Atomised Society: Rapid tech growth drives high consumption, but it creates a divided society where the rich are protected and the poor face greater climate risks.
• Metropolitan Society: High growth and trusted AI enable efficient living, but this concentrates prosperity in cities, creating an urban-rural divide.
• Self-preservation Society: Low growth and outdated tech lead to a fragmented society, though some communities find comfort in the slower, traditional pace of life.
• Slow Lane Society: Despite low growth, strong community values and high trust promote repair, reuse, and major cuts in energy demand.

Analysis shows that all four futures deliver lower energy demand than today, but reductions vary. The Slow Lane Society achieves the biggest cut (around 45%), while Atomised Society delivers the smallest (around 18%). Energy system costs also vary: the most energy-intensive future could see costs rise 136% by 2050, while the lowest-demand scenario limits this to just 24% compared to today.

Crucially, higher-demand futures depend far more on large-scale carbon removal technologies, which are still unproven at scale, whereas lower-demand pathways could reduce the need for such measures by around 70%.

The researchers also held discussions with members of the public to explore how believable each scenario felt and what impacts people thought they might have on everyday life. Participants generally viewed Metropolitan Society and Self-Preservation Society as most realistic, while Atomised and Slow Lane Societies were seen as more aspirational. Interestingly, while policymakers described Slow Lane as somewhat restrictive, the public viewed it as hopeful and positive.

The team say their approach could help other countries design people-centred climate policies that balance technological innovation with social, demand-side change.

Our research is at the forefront of the energy transition. Guided by our innovative spirit and interdisciplinary outlook, we work to mitigate climate change while transforming our energy system, to enable a just and prosperous future for all. Find out more about our energy research.

The discovery, published in the journal , provides the first biomolecular data linking several extinct Australian megafauna species to their living relatives.

Led by at The University of 野狼社区, an international team analysed 51 fossilised marsupial bones collected from caves and swamps across Tasmania 鈥� one of the last refuges of these giant animals. Using an innovative technique called zooarchaeology by mass spectrometry (ZooMS), or collagen fingerprinting, the team was able to analyse fossils more than 100,000 years old 鈥� far beyond the age limit for traditional DNA analysis.

Dr Buckley said: 鈥淯ntil now, we鈥檝e struggled to determine exactly how many of these extinct species were related because Australia鈥檚 hot climate destroys DNA over time. However, collagen proteins survive in much older and even extremely fragmented bones, allowing us to identify species and reconstruct the evolutionary relationships between extinct and living marsupials that could not be achieved through traditional methods.鈥�

The most surprising discovery was that despite being wildly different animals, the koala and the marsupial lion - one of the largest meat-eating mammals ever to roam Australia - shared a common ancestor around 25-35 million years ago. This places the two animals much closer previously thought.

The research also provides new biomolecular data for two other extinct species 鈥� Zygomaturus trilobus and Palorchestes azael. Comparisons of their ancient collagen sequences confirmed that both belonged to the broader wombat鈥搆oala group, known as Vombatiformes.

The findings could help solve one of Australia鈥檚 biggest prehistoric mysteries surrounding the extinction of the continent鈥檚 giant animals.

During the Late Pleistocene, Australia lost nearly 90% of its giant land animals in one of the greatest extinction events in Earth鈥檚 history. Scientists are still debating whether the cause was climate change, human hunting, or a combination of both.

Because ZooMS can identify even tiny bone fragments and reveal their species, it could help scientists refine the timeline of when Australia鈥檚 megafauna disappeared and how long they overlapped with humans.

Dr Buckley added: 鈥淶ooMS also allows thousands of fossil specimens to be analysed quickly, so it could be a game-changer for the study of extinct species. We can now identify more fossils, improve extinction chronologies, and better understand ancient biodiversity.鈥�

This paper was published in Proceedings of the Royal Society B

Full title: Collagen fingerprinting and sequence analysis provides a molecular phylogeny of extinct Australian megafauna

DOI/link:  

The study, funded by Natural Environment Research Council (NERC),  and led by researchers at The University of 野狼社区, introduces a more detailed way of simulating how urban areas interact with the atmosphere inside one of the world鈥檚 leading models, the Community Earth System Model (CESM), which scientists use to predict how the Earth鈥檚 climate behaves now and in the future.

Until now, these large-scale climate and Earth system models have treated cities very simply, grouping them into just a few generic categories such as 鈥渉igh density鈥� or 鈥渕edium density鈥�. But cities differ enormously with a mix of buildings, roads, vegetation and human activity, which can significantly affect how heat is stored, released and transferred, with knock-on effects for heatwaves, air quality and energy demand.  These factors are often overlooked in current climate predictions and policy decisions.

The new model, published today in the , integrates a detailed urban classification system known as Local Climate Zones (LCZ), which distinguishes between ten types of built environments 鈥� from compact high-rise districts to open low-rise neighbourhoods. Each environment is defined by its building height, layout and materials and allows researchers to simulate how cities exchange heat and energy with the atmosphere in much finer detail.

Lead author Dr Zhonghua Zheng, Co-Lead for Environmental Data Science & AI at 野狼社区 Environmental Research Institute (MERI) and Lecturer in Data Science & Environmental Analytics at The University of 野狼社区, said: 鈥淐ities, which host more than half of the world鈥檚 population, are highly vulnerable to the impacts of climate change, but they are also key to sustainable solutions. By using the Local Climate Zones approach, we can now represent the true diversity of urban areas, which is crucial for making accurate climate predictions. Improving how we simulate cities will help researchers and policymakers better understand urban heat stress and energy use, and design more effective strategies for the future.鈥�

Yuan Sun, PhD researcher at The University of 野狼社区, added: 鈥淚ncorporating LCZs into ESMs provides a bridge for communication between the environmental model community and urban climate adaptation actors.鈥�

Tests carried out at 20 urban observation sites worldwide, including locations in France, South Korea, the United Kingdom and the Netherlands, showed that the new LCZ-based approach improved the model鈥檚 accuracy in simulating key urban heat processes. These include how city surfaces release heat into the atmosphere (known as upward longwave radiation) and the heat generated by human activity, such as air conditioning (known as anthropogenic heat flux), compared with the standard urban scheme.

The study also identified where LCZ-based models could be refined to further improve accuracy.

Sensitivity experiments revealed that rooftop reflectivity has the biggest impact on sunlight and heat in cities, while the layout and shape of streets and buildings, along with roof materials, also play key roles.

Understanding these factors in urban areas could help explain why some areas get hotter than others and could guide future urban design and climate adaptation strategies.

This research appeared in the

Full title: Enhancing Global-Scale Urban Land Cover Representation Using Local Climate Zones in the Community Earth System Model

DOI:   

Scientists have developed a simple, low-cost method to drive key chemical reactions, which could make large-scale drug manufacturing, faster, more accessible and affordable.

The new study, published in the journal today by The University of 野狼社区, describes how complex light or electricity-mediated methods currently used across modern chemistry could be replaced by those driven by a simpler technology - heat.

By heating two common, inexpensive chemicals together, the researchers triggered 鈥榚lectron transfer鈥� reactions that chemists use to make many of our everyday products and medicines.  

Lead researcher, , Lecturer in Synthetic Organic Chemistry at The University of 野狼社区, said: 鈥淥ur goal was to develop a broadly accessible and low-cost way to promote electron transfer reactions for industrial applications.

鈥淏y using something as simple as heat - something every chemistry lab already has - we鈥檝e created a process that can be scaled more easily and used by companies without the need for expensive, specialised equipment, opening up new possibilities for chemists all over the world.鈥�

Many modern chemical reactions rely on photochemical (light) or electrochemical (electricity) technologies to kick start 鈥榚lectron transfer reactions鈥� 鈥� a process that involves transferring electrons between molecules to make medicines, or other essential materials. Although these high-tech methods are powerful and effective, they can be difficult to scale up for industrial use as they require specialist reactors and costly infrastructure.

The 野狼社区 team鈥檚 new approach achieves the same result using only heat and two widely available chemicals - a type of azo compound and a formate salt. When heated together in a standard industrial reactor, these reagents naturally form a highly reactive molecule known as 鈥榗arbon dioxide radical anion鈥� - a simple yet powerful species capable of driving a wide range of chemical transformations.

Working with Dr James Douglas from AstraZeneca, the research team successfully demonstrated the scalability of the developed method  and tested it on a variety of other chemical reactions used in drug discovery.

, Lecturer in Computational & Theoretical Chemistry at The University of 野狼社区, added: 鈥淩adical chain chemistry underpins so many areas of science and manufacturing, so we hope this simple initiation method will be of wide use across both industry and academia. Beyond large-scale applications, it could also become a valuable tool for researchers studying new chemical reactions.鈥�

This research was published in the journal . 

DOI: 10.1038/s44160-025-00919-z

The University of 野狼社区 is globally renowned for its pioneering research, outstanding teaching and learning, and commitment to social responsibility. We are a truly international university 鈥� ranking in the top 50 in a range of global rankings 鈥� with a diverse community of more than 44,000 students, 12,000 staff and 550,000 alumni from 190 countries.  Sign up for our e-news to hear first-hand about our international partnerships and activities across the globe. 

Based in the , Prof. Liddle works across many areas of lanthanide and actinide chemistry, but in particular he researches the chemistry of metal-ligand multiple bonding, metal-metal bonding, small molecule activation and catalysis, and transuranium science. Earlier this year Prof. Liddle was elected to the in recognition of his work.

On 15-17 September, over 30 leading experts in synthetic biology, mirror biochemistry, sociology, ethics, and tech governance gathered outside of 野狼社区, U.K. for technical workshops co-hosted by of the University of 野狼社区 and the Mirror Biology Dialogues Fund, a non-profit dedicated to understanding and addressing risks posed by mirror organisms.

Concerns about mirror organisms have been discussed at several recent scientific meetings. A at the Institut Pasteur 鈥� detailed in a subsequent 鈥� explored how mirror organisms could plausibly evade many mechanisms of immunity and natural ecological controls and pose potentially significant risks to humans, animals, plants, and ecosystems.

Participants at the 野狼社区 workshop examined four key precursor technologies that could contribute to the creation of mirror organisms. They evaluated the potential benefits of each technology, the extent to which its development would lower barriers to the creation of mirror life, and possibilities for its governance. The technologies examined were:

1. Protein synthesis Using Recombinant Elements (PURE) systems using natural-chirality proteins;
2. Mirror ribosomes;
3. 鈥淐rossover鈥� translation systems that enable natural-chirality transcription-translation machinery to produce mirror-image proteins; and
4. The 鈥渂ooting-up鈥� of fully synthetic natural-chirality cells.

鈥淎ny governance framework for mirror-image organisms should explicitly preserve beneficial mirror biomolecule research, particularly chemical synthesis of mirror biomolecules,鈥� said Jonathan T. Sczepanski, Professor of Chemistry at Texas A&M University. 鈥淢irror biomolecules are promising candidates for treating diseases that current therapies can鈥檛 address effectively. Workshop discussions underscored the importance of drawing boundaries against high-risk applications like creating mirror life, while ensuring that therapeutic and other valuable research can progress.鈥�

No firm conclusions on research boundaries were reached at 野狼社区, though international discussions on mirror life are ongoing 鈥� for example, recent discussions at the U.S. National Academies of Science, Engineering and Medicine explored mirror life, and further engagement is planned at the National University of Singapore in 2026.

鈥淭he discussions at 野狼社区 highlighted how creating mirror life would require major technological advances, but also that researchers are making progress on the underlying technologies,鈥� said Kate Adamala, Associate Professor of Synthetic Biology at the University of Minnesota. 鈥淲e鈥檙e still in a position where it鈥檚 possible to stop mirror life from being made, but as these technologies mature, our options for intervention will become more limited.鈥�

鈥淭he interdisciplinary nature of these challenges became clear through our discussions,鈥� said Joy Zhang, Professor of Sociology at the University of Kent. 鈥淩ed lines alone aren鈥檛 sufficient 鈥� we need a portfolio of governance approaches, including red lines, safety nets, and incentives, that account for the social and ethical dimensions of this technology.鈥�

The Engineering and Safeguarding Synthetic Life (ESSL) on 18 September also featured discussions about mirror organisms. The conference included talks on synthetic cells, genome engineering, and convergence with AI and robotics. Several presentations and a panel discussion examined historical examples of red lines in scientific development; technical and ethical questions about mirror organisms; and scientific discussions since the December 2024 publication of a Science and that first presented the risks of mirror organisms in detail.

鈥淭he discussions at 野狼社区 showed the importance of scientific input and careful analysis in any decision-making around guardrails on research,鈥� said James Smith, Deputy Director of the Mirror Biology Dialogues Fund and adjunct faculty at the J. Craig Venter Institute.

"As this conversation moves to Singapore next year, I鈥檓 excited to invite diverse stakeholders from Asia and around the world to join this critical discussion,鈥� said Matthew Chang, Executive Director of the National Centre for Engineering Biology, Singapore, and Professor at the National University of Singapore.

Aurore Hochard, Director at MEC, brought Startup Weekend to the University of 野狼社区 in 2024, shortly after joining the team. Following the huge success of the very first Startup Weekend initiative, it has since become a flagship event at the Masood Entrepreneurship Centre, championing entrepreneurship among students across the university. 

This year鈥檚 event, organised by Joana Carneiro (Enterprise Innovation Administrator at MEC) and Izzy Paton (Operations Administrator at MEC), brought together industry experts, speakers, and mentors to spark and celebrate entrepreneurship, showcasing both emerging and established talent. 

Across the weekend, participants pitched ideas, formed teams, and developed startup concepts with guidance from experienced mentors and industry leaders, wrapping up the weekend with a live pitch event in front of a panel of expert judges.

The event opened with inspiring talks from Aurore Hochard and Farah Frikha, Founder of Vesta Capsules and MEC alumna, followed by rapid-fire 30-second pitches and team formations. 

Throughout the weekend, participants learned how to identify customer needs, validate business concepts, and apply entrepreneurial thinking to solve real-world problems. 

Saturday focused on turning ideas into viable products and business models, with hands-on workshops including 鈥淏uilding the Startup Team鈥� led by Dr Rob Martin, Lecturer in Enterprise and Entrepreneurship at MEC. 

Tom Parson, Founder of Big Echo, led 鈥淏lank Page to Big Idea: Unlock Startup Ideas with AI鈥�, a session on using AI to spark creativity and accelerate the ideation process, helping students transform concepts into viable business ideas. 

Jorge Servert, Founder of Sensium, led 鈥淒eveloping the Right Product or Service鈥�, a practical session guiding students to define and build their product or service based on real market needs, while also creating their first business plan using MEC鈥檚 startup template. 

On Sunday, teams perfected their business ideas through sessions like 鈥淢arketing & Acquiring Customers鈥� with Eleni Chiarapini, Lecturer in Entrepreneurship at MEC, and 鈥淧ersonal Branding for Startups鈥� with Coralie Watson, Founder of Theme Socials. 

Lastly, students worked on their pitches in 鈥淧itch Perfect鈥� with Julia Spencer, Acceleration Manager at NatWest Corporate Banking. Julia shared industry experience and insight on what investors are really looking for in a pitch and how to make an idea stand out. 

The weekend wrapped up with final presentations to a judging panel featuring Professor Lee Pugalis (Deputy Director of MEC), Travis Ralph-Donaldson (Innovation Discovery Manager at the University鈥檚 Innovation Factory), Stephen Sankson (Regional Director at NatWest Corporate Banking), and Jenny Oliver (CEO and Founder of Biora Nature Tech). 

The event concluded with an awards ceremony recognising the top-performing teams and their innovative ideas:

First place went to Veila, a clothing brand redefining modest fashion, led by Sabrinel Takheroubt (AMBS, Faculty of Humanities) alongside Nishita Chatlani, Yutong Song, Danna Casta帽eda, and Eleanor Alphonso (all AMBS and Faculty of Humanities students). The team received 拢3,000 to continue their journey to market, focusing on direct-to-consumer growth and online marketing. 

Second place was awarded to DecoRent, a decoration rental service for short-term stays in 野狼社区. The team, Stella Zhuoyue Ji Chen (AMBS), Mollie Levitt (School of Arts, Languages and Cultures, Faculty of Humanities), Benya Irlam (AMBS), Yaowen (Stephen) Hu (AMBS), and Chaerin (Devon) Son received 拢2,000 to help expand their mission of bringing cosy, functional spaces to students across the city. 

Highly Commended went to isitUp, a speculative market app for investing in people鈥檚 relationships, led by Isaac Batho (School of Engineering).

In total, 20 new business ideas were formed over the weekend, showcasing the entrepreneurial energy of 野狼社区鈥檚 student community and representing students from across all three faculties, Humanities; Science and Engineering; and Biology, Medicine and Health. 

Throughout the weekend, participants were supported by a dedicated group of mentors offering one-to-one advice and feedback, including Oladabola Babalola (Babz), Fernando Torres, Harry Panter, Sergio Gutierrez, Luke Marden, Jonghun Lee, Rick Watson, Ramin Esmaeilzadeh, Huw James, and Leigh Wharton. 

About the Masood Entrepreneurship Centre:  

The Masood Entrepreneurship Centre (MEC) is the University of 野狼社区鈥檚 focal point for enterprise and entrepreneurship teaching, learning, and startup support. MEC helps students, researchers, and alumni turn ideas into real-world impact through workshops, mentorship, and venture programmes.  

Learn more at:  

A team from the Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, working with industry partner Q-Sustain Limited, an engineering consultant based in 野狼社区, is designing innovative vertical axis wind turbines (VAWTs) that capture airflow generated by trains moving through tunnels 鈥� known as the piston effect.

The project, which begins with the Transpennine Route Upgrade project, will explore how this untapped energy source can be integrated into transport infrastructure, providing clean electricity and supporting the UK鈥檚 decarbonisation goals.

Early feasibility studies have already confirmed the potential of tunnel airflow, and the team has developed a bespoke techno-economic analysis (TEA) toolkit to evaluate performance and commercial viability of such designs. Available through , the software offers a practical platform for assessing renewable energy projects, with potential applications beyond just rail.

The project, funded under EPSRC Impact Acceleration Account (IAA) and under the remit of 鈥榮ustainable engineering and transport systems鈥�, could transform how transport infrastructure is designed and operated in the future.

Academic Lead of the project at The University of 野狼社区, said: 鈥淥ur VerXis toolkit represents a leap forward in renewable energy research. By turning minimal tunnel geometry and schedule data into bank-level economic indicators in minutes, we're bridging the gap between academic innovation and real-world deployment, making piston-wind VAWTs not just technically viable, but genuinely investable.鈥�

Mr Azhar Quaiyoom, Director of industrial partner Q-Sustain Limited, added: 鈥淲hat excites us most about VerXis is its ability to rapidly test and scale turbine designs tailored to each tunnel environment. This toolkit enables smarter, data-driven decisions, helping us deploy sustainable solutions in railway infrastructure that align with the UK's net-zero ambitions and calculates the return on investment for our clients鈥�

The next stage will see prototype turbines tested in real-world tunnel environments, alongside further development of the VerXis toolkit, with the ambition of influencing future rail energy standards.

If successful, the approach could be applied not only to rail but also to other transport networks, providing a scalable model for integrating renewable energy into infrastructure across the UK and beyond.

11 student and graduate founders from across The University of 野狼社区 gave compelling 4-minute pitches to an audience of investors, local ecosystem partners, stakeholders, and peers 鈥� demonstrating innovative solutions to real problems across diverse sectors. 

They each developed their products and services on the 野狼社区 Venture Builder 鈥� MEC's 12-week programme of structured support to help entrepreneurs test and validate their idea, build an MVP and gain real traction on their journey to market-readiness. 

Mohamed Abbas (Venture Builder Manager, MEC) emphasised the importance of collaboration between organisations and individuals in supporting emerging young founders:

After the pitches, startups and guests gathered for the showcase and networking 鈥� an opportunity to ask questions, share ideas, and build connections. 

The ventures showcased were: 

• SpinOr 鈥� Compact superconducting quantum computers.
• PeerMatch 鈥� Building the platform where humanity's next breakthrough begins.
• AquaMinds 鈥� AI-powered early warning system for fouling in water treatment plants.
• Vesta Capsules 鈥� Offering safe sleep anytime, anywhere through stackable, weatherproof, and modular pods inspired by Japanese capsule hotels.
• ARDHANN 鈥� AI-powered next-gen composite materials for Energy, Space and Defence.
• Gynomics 鈥� Harnessing computational biology and machine learning to drive predictive and preventative care in women's reproductive health.
• Ecotrace 鈥� Plug-and-play circularity SaaS to extend the lifecycle of consumer goods, improve customer experiences, and help manufacturers meet tightening regulations.   
• Synkit 鈥� Wellness app helping employers support female staff through cycle-synced lifestyle.
• Waddle 鈥� Spontaneous small-group meetups for students seeking real-world connection.
• UniSights 鈥� Platform for Latin American schools to connect students with UK universities.
• TerraIQ 鈥� AI-powered farm optimisation platform for smallholder farms to unlock sustainability-linked revenue. 

We would like to congratulate all the startups who participated in the Demo Day for reaching this key milestone and we are excited to follow their growth and continued success. 

MEC is the University鈥檚 focal point for enterprise and entrepreneurship, offering opportunities for all current students, recent graduates and staff. Our vision is to create an ecosystem that nurtures innovators and fosters startups, driving global impact. 

You can find out more on our website . If you are interested in supporting our entrepreneurs with your expertise or investment, please get in touch with our team.

The dolphin-sized ichthyosaur called Xiphodracon goldencapensis, or the 鈥淪word Dragon of Dorset鈥� is the only known example of its kind in existence and helps to fill an important gap in the evolutionary fossil record of ichthyosaurs.

Thousands of ichthyosaur fossils have been found along the UK鈥檚 Jurassic Coast since the discoveries of pioneering palaeontologist Mary Anning. Yet the discovery of Xiphodracon is the first described genus of an Early Jurassic ichthyosaur described from the region in over 100 years.

Discovered near Golden Cap in 2001 by Dorset fossil collector Chris Moore, the fossil is almost perfectly preserved in three dimensions. The skeleton includes a skull with enormous eye socket and a long sword-like snout. The scientists say the animal would have been about three metres long and would have dined on fish and squid. The remains even show what may be traces of its last meal. It is probably the world鈥檚 most complete prehistoric reptile from the Pliensbachian period.

The finding has been described by a trio of international palaeontologists, led by ichthyosaur expert Dr Dean Lomax, an Honorary Research Fellow at The University of 野狼社区 and an 1851 Research Fellow at the University of Bristol, in the journal today.

Dr Lomax said: 鈥淚 remember seeing the skeleton for the first time in 2016. Back then, I knew it was unusual, but I did not expect it to play such a pivotal role in helping to fill a gap in our understanding of a complex faunal turnover during the Pliensbachian. This time is pretty crucial for ichthyosaurs as several families went extinct and new families emerged, yet Xiphodracon is something you might call a 鈥渕issing piece of the ichthyosaur puzzle鈥�. It is more closely related to species in the later Early Jurassic (in the Toarcian), and its discovery helps pinpoint when the faunal turnover occurred, being much earlier than expected.鈥�

After its discovery in 2001, the skeleton was acquired by the Royal Ontario Museum, Canada, where it became part of their extensive collection of ichthyosaurs but had remained unstudied.

Ichthyosaurs from the Pliensbachian (193鈥�184 million years ago) are incredibly rare and makes Xiphodracon a vital piece of evidence for scientists studying the critical but poorly understood time in ichthyosaurian evolution.

Ichthyosaur expert and co-author, Professor Judy Massare, from the State University of NY at Brockport, USA, said: 鈥淭housands of complete or nearly complete ichthyosaur skeletons are known from strata before and after the Pliensbachian. The two faunas are quite distinct, with no species in common, even though the overall ecology is similar. Clearly, a major change in species diversity occurred sometime in the Pliensbachian. Xiphodracon helps to determine when the change occurred, but we still don鈥檛 know why.鈥�

Dr Erin Maxwell, a co-author and ichthyosaur expert from the State Museum of Natural History Stuttgart, added: 鈥淭his skeleton provides critical information for understanding ichthyosaur evolution, but also contributes to our understanding of what life must have been like in the Jurassic seas of Britain. The limb bones and teeth are malformed in such a way that points to serious injury or disease while the animal was still alive, and the skull appears to have been bitten by a large predator - likely another much larger species of ichthyosaur- giving us a cause of death for this individual. Life in the Mesozoic oceans was a dangerous prospect.鈥�

Collectively, the trio have identified several features in Xiphodracon that have never been observed in any ichthyosaur. The most peculiar is a strange and unique bone around the nostril (called a lacrimal) that has prong-like bony structures.

Dr Lomax, who is the author of the recently published book, 鈥�The Secret Lives of Dinosaurs鈥�, said: 鈥淥ne of the coolest things about identifying a new species is that you get to name it! We opted for Xiphodracon because of the long, sword-like snout (xipho from Greek xiphos for sword) and dracon (Greek and Latin for dragon) in reference to ichthyosaurs being referred to as 鈥渟ea dragons鈥� for over 200 years.鈥�

The new research has been published today in the international journal 鈥�Papers in Palaeontology鈥�. The skeleton is planned to go on display at the Royal Ontario Museum, Toronto, Canada.

Paper title:  A new long and narrow-snouted ichthyosaur illuminates a complex faunal turnover during an undersampled Early Jurassic (Pliensbachian) interval

DOI:   

Professor Zara Hodgson and Professor Jovica Milanovi膰 have been elected for their exceptional contributions to their field: pioneering new innovations within academia and business, providing expert advice to government, and fostering a wider comprehension of engineering and technology. 

Zara Hodgson, Professor of Nuclear Engineering and Director of the Dalton Nuclear Institute at The University of 野狼社区 is an internationally renowned expert in nuclear energy policy and research. She has been pivotal in the UK government鈥檚 recent interventions to grow the UK鈥檚 nuclear fuel production capability, delivering advances for the global net-zero mission, and generating energy security by building resilient supply chains. Zara is the Director of the Dalton Nuclear Institute and a Professor of Nuclear Engineering at the University of 野狼社区, where she is leading contributions to the national nuclear enterprise through high impact research, education, training and independent advice.

Jovica Milanovi膰, Professor of Electrical Power Engineering at The University of 野狼社区 is internationally recognised for his outstanding contributions to power systems engineering. His research focuses on the probabilistic modelling of power system dynamics, addressing uncertainties in generation, demand, and network topology, and advancing distributed voltage control strategies. He has played a pivotal role in shaping industrial standards through leadership in IEEE and CIGRE task forces, and his work on load modelling has been instrumental in improving peak demand management across UK networks. Professor Milanovi膰 also holds leadership positions within the IEEE and senior advisory roles in the electrical power industry.

The new Fellows will be formally admitted to the Academy at a special ceremony in London on 18 November, when each Fellow will sign the roll book. In joining the Fellowship, they will lend their unique capabilities to achieving the Academy鈥檚 overarching strategic goal to engineer better lives.   

The group consists of 60 Fellows, nine International Fellows and five Honorary Fellows.They are drawn from every specialism from within the engineering and technology professions and cover sectors ranging from energy and defence to new materials.

 Sir John Lazar CBE FREng, President of the Royal Academy of Engineering, said: 鈥淎s we approach our 50th anniversary next year it鈥檚 a good time to reflect on how much we have achieved. The Academy is built on the foundation of our Fellowship, and that remains as true today as half a century ago. Our story began as a 鈥楩ellowship of Engineering鈥� of 130 Fellows including such pioneers as Air Commodore Sir Frank Whittle, Lord Hinton of Bankside and Sir Ove Arup, driven by the support of HRH The Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh.

鈥淭oday鈥檚 cohort join a community of around 1,700 of some of the most talented engineers and innovators in the UK and around the globe. Their knowledge and experience make them uniquely well placed to tackle the biggest challenges facing the world, and our determination to advance and promote excellence in engineering remains undimmed.鈥�&苍产蝉辫;

Further information about the new Fellows can be found on the

Working with colleagues at 野狼社区 St Mary鈥檚 Hospital and the University of Malaysia, the researchers used mathematical modelling to understand how the cord鈥檚 unique twisted shape affects the way oxygen, nutrients and heat are exchanged before birth.

The study, published in the , found that the spiral design of the blood vessels in the cord appears to affect the exchange of oxygen and heat, minimising the risk of heat and oxygen being lost, helping to keep babies鈥� temperature and oxygen levels stable before birth.

Although the umbilical cord is essential to life, scientists still know little about how its complex coiled structure contributes to its function. These new findings shed light on an overlooked but vital process.

Complications linked to the placenta and umbilical cord, such as fetal growth restriction and pre-eclampsia, affect around 10% of pregnancies in the UK, yet remain poorly understood.

The researchers hope their work will pave the way for further studies on abnormal cord structures, such as cords that are too loosely or tightly coiled, which are known to be associated with complications during pregnancy.

Paper details:

Journal : Journal of the Royal Society Interface

Full title: A functional shunt in the umbilical cord: the role of coiling in solute and heat transfer

DOI:

The image from this research was also chosen as the journal's issue cover: 

The project, supported by a 拢3 million grant from the Gates Foundation, will develop national-scale irrigation mapping data and capacity in three countries 鈥� Kenya, Ethiopia, and Nigeria 鈥� between September 2025 and August 2029.

Expanding and improving irrigation access is vital for climate adaptation and food security across Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Yet, most SSA countries lack up to date or reliable information about existing irrigation systems, leaving governments and development actors limited in their ability to target interventions to improve irrigation access, evaluate outcomes of investments, and ensure development is both sustainable and equitable.

The new project 鈥� IrrEO: Irrigated Area Mapping Tool Development and Deployment 鈥� will leverage advances in Earth Observation (EO) imagery and artificial intelligence algorithms, working with national partners in the three focal countries to co-develop a set of data products, algorithms, and software that enable high-resolution mapping of irrigated croplands both now and into the future.

The project will also work with local research teams to use new irrigation mapping data and tools to understand the barriers and opportunities for irrigation development, highlighting investment strategies that deliver better results for small-scale farmers.

Another key goal is to strengthen the capacity of government agencies and development partners across Sub-Saharan Africa to apply advanced mapping approaches in national irrigation planning. Over four years, the team will conduct training workshops and participatory design session to help overcome barriers to adopt of EO methods and tools in irrigation decision-making and policy.

The University team brings together interdisciplinary expertise in remote sensing, agricultural sustainability, rural development, and data justice. Alongside , the other 野狼社区 team members include , Senior Lecturer in Physical Geography from the School of Environment Education and Development (SEED) and co-lead of MERI鈥檚 newly launched Land and Resource Futures Initiative 鈥� and , Senior Lecturer in Socio-Environmental Systems in the Global Development Institute (GDI).

Organised in partnership with Rethink Rebuild Society and supported by the Chemists鈥� Community Fund (Royal Society of Chemistry), 48 children aged nine to 14 visited the University鈥檚 state-of-the-art Makerspace facility over three days to take part in a variety of fun and practical experiments, including making batteries out of lemons, testing acidity with natural indicators, and simple filtration experiments.

The initiative is the brainchild of Dr Abdullatif Alfutimie, Senior Lecturer in the School of Chemical Engineering at the University. Dr Alfutimie first came to 野狼社区 from Aleppo in 2009 to pursue postgraduate study before going on to complete his PhD in 2012. But while pursuing his research career, his home city of Aleppo 鈥� once one of Syria鈥檚 most vibrant cultural centres 鈥� was being devastated by civil war.

Staying closely connected to family and friends affected by displacement and the collapse of education, he began to consider how he might use his own expertise to help displaced students regain educational confidence.

Dr Abdullatif Alfutimie, who led the programme, said: 鈥淭his event wasn't just about science 鈥� it was about recognising curiosity, celebrating identity, and creating a sense of belonging for children who often face immense challenges.

"If we need to rebuild our country or even to contribute to improve this country, we need to educate this generation.

鈥淭he enthusiasm from the pupils was truly heartwarming - one parent told us that their child couldn't wait to repeat an experiment at home for their siblings.鈥�

The initiative concluded with a Community Celebration Day at Rethink Rebuild Society鈥檚 centre in 野狼社区, welcoming more than 150 children and family members. Each child received a certificate and a take-home chemistry kit to continue their learning at home. A representative from the Royal Society of Chemistry was also in attendance to present the certificates and celebrate the children鈥檚 achievements.

Magda van Leeuwen, Volunteer and Engagement Manager for the Royal Society of Chemistry, said: 鈥淐hemistry Education for Refugee Students is an important initiative that gives young people who have already experienced a lot in their lives hope and opportunities. Programmes like the one Abdullatif has developed show that chemistry really is for all and can be a catalyst for instilling a lifelong passion in our subject.

鈥淭hrough the Outreach Fund and with the backing of the Chemists鈥� Community Fund, the RSC is committed to supporting projects that give more people the opportunity to get hands-on scientific experiences. We are proud to have played a small part and want to applaud Abdullatif and his colleagues for their hard work in putting together such a practical and engaging experience for the participants.鈥�

The University of 野狼社区 is recognised as a University of Sanctuary, working to make the University a welcoming and safe place for refugees and asylum seekers. The University鈥檚 commitment to supporting sanctuary seekers is embedded across its three core goals: research, teaching, and social responsibility. The city of 野狼社区 is also a City of Sanctuary, part of the . The University works closely with the organisation to help its aim of making 野狼社区 a place that is open and fair. 

Read more about Abdullatif鈥檚 initiative on the

鈥�, published to mark the Centre鈥檚 25th anniversary, looks back at the Tyndall Centre鈥檚 own energy scenarios, alongside more than 80 others produced in the 2000s. The study found that while most scenarios assumed some level of reduction in energy demand, only one -  Tyndall Centre鈥檚 鈥淩ed鈥� scenario - came close to predicting the UK鈥檚 actual energy demand in 2022.

The researchers say this mismatch reveals that early scenarios often focused on untested technologies while overlooking practical and proven ways to reduce energy use, such as improving public transport, insulating homes, and reducing air travel.

They identified that these modelling choices often influenced policy debates, with optimism about new technologies often overshadowing everyday solutions, potentially limiting the scope of decarbonisation deemed possible by policymakers.

 By comparing the envisioned futures with the UK energy system changes that actually emerged, the authors show where foresight was limited, where assumptions proved overambitious, and where genuine transformation was underestimated.

The report also reflects on two decades of Tyndall Centre鈥檚 research. Starting with the Royal Commission鈥檚 60% carbon cut target by 2050, the Tyndall Centre helped bring carbon budgets to the centre of UK climate policy and highlighted the need for action across all sectors, including aviation and shipping,.

The authors argue that energy scenarios aiming to support an urgent reduction in greenhouse gas emissions, must explore a wider range of options, with greater focus on proven solutions such as efficiency, lifestyle change, and equity. Doing so would open up more options for policymakers to deliver on their climate ambition, reduce reliance on unproven technologies, and align the UK鈥檚 energy pathways more closely with climate science.

Decarbonising the UK revisited is being launched at the Tyndall Centre鈥檚 25^th Anniversary Conference at the University of East Anglia (UEA) on Monday, 8 September. Our Critical Decade for Climate Action is a major meeting for 300 researchers from 20 countries.

The report is part of a wider project at Tyndall Centre that explores how energy scenarios influence policy and what lessons can be drawn halfway through this critical decade for climate action.

Read the full report

In a new review, published in the journal today, the researchers have examined the current scientific research on how tiny plastic fragments 鈥� called micro and nanoplastics 鈥� enter the air, where they come from, and the mechanisms that transport them across vast distances.

The study reveals significant gaps in knowledge and understanding of airborne plastic pollution, driven by inconsistent measurement techniques, limited data, oversimplified simulations, and gaps in understanding atmospheric cycling mechanisms.

One key uncertainty is the scale of plastic entering the atmosphere. Current estimates vary wildly - from less than 800 tonnes to nearly 9 million tonnes per year - making it difficult to assess the true global impact. It also remains unclear whether the dominant contributors are land-based, such as road traffic, or marine based, such as sea spray.

Such large uncertainties raise the concern that airborne plastics, which pose potential risks to human and environmental health, may have a more extensive presence and influence than previously captured by current monitoring and simulation systems.

Each year, the world produces over 400 million tonnes of plastic, with a significant proportion ending up as waste. Over time, these plastics breaks down into microscopic particles called microplastics (less than 5mm) and nanoplastics (smaller than 1 micron), which are increasingly being found in the air we breath, oceans and soil. These particles can move thousands of miles within days and have even remote regions like polar ice zones, desserts and remote mountain peaks.

While our understanding of the problem has grown rapidly, limited real-world data, inconsistent sampling methods, and computer models that oversimplify how plastic behaves in the air, means that key questions remain unanswered.

To address these concerns, the authors are calling for future research efforts to focus on three critical areas:

• Expanding and standardising global observation networks
• Improving and refining atmospheric modelling
• Harnessing the power of artificial intelligence (AI)

They say this integrated approach could transform how we understand and manage the plastic pollution crisis.

Full title: A Review of Atmospheric Micro/Nanoplastics: Insights into Source and Fate for Modelling Studies

Journal: Current Pollution Reports  

DOI: 10.1007/s40726-025-00375-5

Link:

Located around 3,400 light-years away in the constellation Scorpius, the Butterfly Nebula is one of the best studied planetary nebulae. Its 鈥榳ings鈥� of glowing gas were previously but Webb鈥檚 new observations, published in today, go even further, uncovering hidden structures and finally pinpointing the nebula鈥檚 elusive central star.

Planetary nebulae like the Butterfly form when stars heavier than the sun reach the end of their lives, casting off their outer layers of gas and dust. The Butterfly Nebula is what astronomers call a bipolar nebula, meaning that it has two lobes of gas that spread in opposite directions to form the 鈥榳ings鈥� of the butterfly. At its centre, a dense band of dusty gas called the torus, which poses as the butterfly鈥檚 鈥榖ody鈥�. This structure energises the nebula and may be responsible for its insect-like shape by preventing gas from flowing evenly in all directions. 

Using James Webb鈥檚 , scientists have now been able to see through this dusty torus for the first time, providing an unprecedented view of its complex structure.

By combining images at many different wavelengths with complementary data from the Atacama Large Millimetre/submillimetre Array in Chile, the international team of researchers, including from The University of 野狼社区, discovered  the butterfly鈥檚 central star, one of the hottest ever found in our galaxy, with a scorching surface temperature of around 220,000 Kelvin.

Although this intense heat powers the nebula鈥檚 colourful glow, earlier telescopes lacked the sensitivity and resolution needed to see through the thick layer of dust, making the star impossible to detect at visible wavelengths.

Professor Albert Zijlstra, a co-author of the paper from The University of 野狼社区, said: 鈥淭his is an extraordinary discovery. We鈥檙e looking at one of the hottest stars ever found - an object so elusive that even Hubble couldn鈥檛 detect it for decades. Thanks to JWST, we鈥檝e finally uncovered it, concealed within its own dense shroud of dust.

鈥淪urrounding the star is a massive dark torus, the heaviest ever observed around such an object, containing more material than our own Sun. Even Webb can鈥檛 fully pierce through it. Inside, the environment is sheer chaos; powerful radiation and stellar winds tearing into the surrounding cloud. It鈥檚 unlike anything I鈥檝e ever seen.

鈥淢ost planetary nebulae appear graceful and symmetric, but this one is still at the beginning of its transformation 鈥� it鈥檚 more like a butterfly struggling out of its cocoon than the elegant shapes we鈥檙e used to seeing.鈥�

The Webb data revealed that the torus is composed of crystals similar to quartz as well as unusually large grains of dust, suggesting they have been growing for a long time. Outside the torus, the team observed jets of iron and nickel blasting away from the star in opposite directions, along with a multilayered structure made up of different atoms and molecules.

Perhaps most intriguing was the discovery of carbon-based molecules known as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, or PAHs. On Earth, these molecules are found in smoke from fires or even burnt toast 鈥� but they have never before been seen in an oxygen-rich planetary nebula. The team believes the PAHs may form when a bubble of stellar wind bursts into the surrounding gas.

The finding provides an important glimpse into the details of how these molecules form.

***

Journal:

Full title: The JWST/MIRI view of the planetary nebula NGC 6302 鈥� I. A UV-irradiated torus and a hot bubble triggering PAH formation

DOI:  

Link:  

A series of three new papers published this week in Nature Astronomy and Nature Geoscience, reveal that Bennu is a mix of dust formed in our solar system, organic matter from interstellar space and stardust that predates the solar system itself. The asteroid is thought to have formed from fragments of a larger parent asteroid destroyed by a collision in the asteroid belt between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter.

In the first paper, co-led by researchers at the University of Arizona and NASA鈥檚 Johnson Space Center, published in the journal , 野狼社区 researchers studied the gases trapped inside Bennu鈥檚 samples 鈥� in particular xenon, which is a very rare gas. Their measurements showed that Bennu鈥檚 gases resembled those found in some of the most primitive meteorites found on earth and materials returned from asteroid Ryugu by Japan鈥檚 Hayabusa2 mission.

When combined with other elemental and isotopic analyses, the results suggest that Bennu鈥檚 parent body contained material from a range of origins, close to the Sun, far from the Sun, and even some grains from beyond our solar system.

The findings also show that while much of the materials in the parent asteroid had been affected by water and heat, some of the material had escaped various chemical processes and retained its original chemical signatures. Some even survived the extremely energetic collision that broke it apart and formed Bennu.

The studies also show that while some of Bennu鈥檚 original material survived unchanged, similarly, much of it was transformed by reactions with water. Minerals in its parent asteroid likely formed, dissolved, and re-formed over time, with up to 80% of Bennu鈥檚 material now made up of water-bearing minerals.

These findings were reported in a second paper the paper published in co-led by the University of Arizona and the Smithsonian鈥檚 National Museum of Natural History, and included contributions from Professor Rhian Jones at The University of 野狼社区.

In the third paper, co-led by Lindsay Keller at NASA鈥檚 Johnson Space Center and Michelle Thompson of Purdue University, also published in , researchers found microscopic craters and tiny splashes of once-molten rock 鈥� known as impact melts 鈥� on the sample surfaces - signs that the asteroid was bombarded by micrometeorites. These impacts, together with the effects of solar wind, are known as space weathering and occurred because Bennu has no atmosphere to protect it.

Lindsay Keller at NASA鈥檚 Johnson Space Center, said: 鈥淭he surface weathering at Bennu is happening a lot faster than conventional wisdom would have it, and the impact melt mechanism appears to dominate, contrary to what we originally thought.

鈥淪pace weathering is an important process that affects all asteroids, and with returned samples, we can tease out the properties controlling it and use that data and extrapolate it to explain the surface and evolution of asteroid bodies that we haven鈥檛 visited.鈥�

As leftovers from the formation of planets 4.5 billion years ago, asteroids like Bennu provide a valuable record of solar system history. Unlike meteorites that fall to Earth, which often burn up or are altered in the atmosphere, Bennu鈥檚 pristine samples give scientists a rare opportunity to study untouched material.

The project brings together researchers from NASA, universities and research centres around the world 鈥� including the UK, the United States, Japan and Canada 鈥� to study Bennu鈥檚 samples and unlock new insights into the origins of the solar system.

For more information on NASA鈥檚 OSIRIS-REx mission, visit:

The research, published today in , tracks 130 years of changes in the 鈥渟pirograph鈥� Planetary Nebula IC418 - a glowing shell of gas and dust cast off by a dying star about 4000 light years from Earth.

By piecing together observations dating back to 1893, when astronomers first recorded the nebula by eye through a telescope, to today, scientists found the nebula鈥檚 signature green light, emitted by oxygen atoms, has grown around 2.5 times stronger since Victorian astronomers first studied it.

This change is being driven by the central star鈥檚 rising temperature, which has increased by around 3,000掳C since 1893, or roughly 1,000掳C every 40 years. For comparison, the Sun increased by the same amount during its formation, but took 10 million years to do it.

However, although the star is heating faster than ever observed, it is still slower than the latest models had predicted. This challenges current theories of how stars age and die, and may force astronomers to rethink the masses of stars capable of producing carbon 鈥� the element essential for life.

A planetary nebula marks one of the final stages in a star鈥檚 life. As the star鈥檚 core becomes unstable, it sheds its outer layers into space. The remaining core heats rapidly, energising the surrounding gas and dust to form beautiful structures. In the case of IC418, this creates an intricate, swirling structure, earning its nickname 鈥渢he spirograph nebula鈥�. Our Sun will undergo the same fate in about 5 billion years.

While planetary nebulae usually evolve slowly, the researchers discovered that IC418 is evolving fast enough to track within a human lifetime.

This makes it the most prolonged and rapid transformation ever recorded in a planetary nebula, and possibly any star.

The team examined 130 years of observations from a wide range of telescopes 鈥� from the human eye measurements in the late 1800s to the advanced technologies of today. They verified, calibrated, and combined the data before comparing it with detailed models of stellar evolution. This allowed them to measure the star鈥檚 heating rate, determine its current mass, and even estimate the mass of the star before it began its transformation.

The findings offer a rare insight into of how planetary nebulae evolve and suggest the night sky can change much faster than we usually think.

Co-author, Professor Quentin Parker from the University of Hong Kong, said: 鈥淲e believe this research is important because it offers unique, direct evidence of how planetary nebulae central stars evolve. It will prompt us to rethink some of our existing models of stellar life cycles.

鈥淚t鈥檚 been a strong joint effort - collecting, verifying, and carefully analysing more than a century鈥檚 worth of astronomical data and then melding that with stellar evolutionary models. It鈥檚 a challenging process that goes far beyond simple observation, and we鈥檙e grateful for the opportunity to contribute to our field in this way.鈥�

Journal: The Astrophysical Journal Letters

Full title: The secular evolution of planetary nebula IC 418 and its implications for carbon star formation

DOI: 10.3487/2041-8213/ADF62b

Link:

A new study, led by researchers at The University of 野狼社区, in collaboration with Chester Zoo, found that birds appear to follow Zipf鈥檚 Law of Abbreviation (ZLA) 鈥� the idea that more frequently used sounds tend to be shorter. This rule, found in all human languages, helps make communication more efficient.

The findings, published in the journal today, offer new insight into how animals communicate and provide a new foundation for researchers exploring whether birds, like humans, shape their vocal signals according to the 'principle of least effort'.

Lead author Dr Tucker Gilman, Senior Lecturer at The University of 野狼社区 said: 鈥淚n human language, if we say something a lot, we tend to shorten it 鈥� like saying 鈥楾V鈥� instead of 鈥榯elevision鈥�. It turns out that the same pattern exists in birdsong.

鈥淲e know that birds and humans share similarities in the genes and brain structures involved in learning to communicate but this is the first time we鈥檝e been able to detect a consistent pattern of ZLA across multiple bird species. There鈥檚 still a lot more work to be done but this is an exciting development.鈥�

Although previous studies hinted that animal communication might follow ZLA 鈥� including in penguins 鈥� it has been difficult to find clear evidence of ZLA in birdsong. That鈥檚 partly because most birds have much smaller repertoires compared to humans. While humans use thousands of words, birds may only produce a few dozen distinct sounds.

To tackle this, the researchers developed new method for studying ZLA in birdsong that focuses on how often individual birds use certain note types and how long those notes last allowing them to examine communication at an individual rather than population level.

They then applied this method using a new open-source computational tool called ZLAvian, which compares real-world observed patterns to simulated ones to determine if ZLA is present.

Using ZLAvian, the team analysed more than 600 songs from 11 bird populations spanning seven different species. They found that while individual populations didn鈥檛 always show clear signs of ZLA, a stronger pattern emerged when the data was combined, showing more frequently used birdsong phrases were shorter on average.

Co-author Dr Rebecca Lewis, Conservation Scientist at Chester Zoo, said: 鈥淪tudying ZLA in birdsong is far more complex than in human language. Birds often have very few note types, individuals even within the same species can vary widely in their repertoires, and classifying notes is tricky too. Our research has taught that it鈥檚 important to look across a wide range of species when looking for language patterns and we hope ZLAvian will make it easier for other researchers to explore these patterns in  more birds but also other animals in the future.鈥�

The team says that further studies are needed across a broader set of bird species to confirm their findings.

Paper details:

Journal: PLoS Computational Biology

Full title: Does Zipf鈥檚 law of abbreviation shape birdsong?

DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1013228

Link:

The University of 野狼社区 has been awarded a major grant to lead a new programme that will transform the lifecycle of graphite in nuclear energy - an essential material for the future deployment of nuclear power.

The award brings together world-leading expertise led by The University of 野狼社区 in collaboration with the Universities of Oxford, Plymouth, and Loughborough.

Nuclear energy is expected to play a central role in the UK鈥檚 net zero goals as it emits nearly zero carbon dioxide or other greenhouse gas emissions 鈥� but it comes with challenges.

The five-year ENLIGHT programme (Enabling a Lifecycle Approach to Graphite for Advanced Modular Reactors) will develop critical technologies to support the deployment of next-generation nuclear energy technology and will address two of the UK鈥檚 most pressing nuclear challenges - securing a sustainable, sovereign supply of nuclear graphite and finding solutions to manage the country鈥檚 growing volume of irradiated graphite waste.

The project is supported with an 拢8.2m grant from UK Research and Innovation鈥檚 Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC), Higher Education Institutions, and around 拢5m of contributions from industry partners.

The programme of research, collaboration, and skills development aims to secure the UK鈥檚 position at the forefront of nuclear innovation and a global leader in advanced reactor technology and clean energy innovation.

Graphite is a critical component in many next-generation Advanced Modular Reactors (AMRs), including High Temperature Gas-cooled Reactors and various Molten Salt Reactor designs - technologies key to achieving the UK鈥檚 ambition to deliver 24GW of new nuclear power by 2050.

The material accounts for around one-third of reactor build costs, yet despite its importance, the UK currently relies entirely on imports to meet demand.

With the existing Advanced Gas-cooled Reactor fleet approaching decommissioning by 2028, and more than 100,000 tonnes of irradiated graphite already in storage, ENLIGHT will pioneer new approaches to both recycling legacy material and producing new, sustainable high-performance graphite suitable for future AMRs.

Dr Greg Black, Senior Advisor at the Environment Agency, said: 鈥�The Environment Agency look forward to participating as a partner in the ENLIGHT programme. As the environmental regulator for the nuclear industry in England, we consider the ambitions of the ENLIGHT programme on 'sustainable graphite' aligns with our Regulatory and RD&I areas of interest.鈥�

The programme will focus on three strands of work:

• Sustainable Graphite 鈥� Developing processes for decontaminating, recycling and reusing irradiated graphite from AMR deployment.
• Graphite Selection & Design 鈥� Designing new graphite materials engineered to withstand extreme conditions in AMR environments.
• Graphite Performance 鈥� Understanding how these new materials behave in novel AMR conditions to improve its lifespan.

These advances could save the UK up to 拢2 billion in future waste management costs and offers a pathway to strengthen the UK鈥檚 unique position as a global hub for graphite research and innovation.

, Professor of Energy Materials at the University of Oxford will lead theme two around graphite selection and design. He said: 鈥淚鈥檓 delighted to be leading Theme two (Graphite Selection & Design 鈥� Designing new graphite materials engineered to withstand extreme conditions in AMR environments) in this major project.  Materials will contribute to several work packages across the whole activity, and our initial focus will be on novel studies of mechanical damage to support the design and qualification of new nuclear graphites for advanced fission reactors.鈥�

At Loughborough University, researchers are contributing advanced computational modelling to explore how nuclear graphite behaves under extreme conditions.

Senior Lecturer in Materials Modelling at Loughborough University, said: 鈥淭his will help us predict how and when these critical reactor components may fail, guiding the design of stronger, more reliable materials for the reactors of tomorrow. Our research also supports the reuse and recycling of existing graphite, helping to make future nuclear energy both safer and more sustainable."

The University of Plymouth will bring expertise in the analysis of porous materials, which will play a critical role in evaluating the performance and suitability of repurposed graphite.

, Lecturer in Environmental and Analytical Chemistry at the University of Plymouth, said: 鈥淭his project is not just about scientific discovery; it's about pioneering sustainable solutions for nuclear energy, turning waste into a valuable resource and bolstering the UK's energy security for decades to come. This consortium embodies a truly cyclical and green approach to nuclear solutions, aiming for a cleaner energy transition and helping to demystify some of the traditional concepts that surround the nuclear industry. Our expertise in analysing the intricate properties of porous materials will be instrumental in ensuring the suitability of repurposed graphite for next-generation nuclear reactors, and we are particularly excited to have the opportunity to grow our relationship with The University of 野狼社区 鈥� and our industrial partners across the nuclear industry 鈥� through this initiative.鈥�

ENLIGHT will also focus on skills development to expand the national graphite research community and train the next generation of graphite scientists and engineers essential to the UK's clean energy future.

Home to the and a core partner in the , The University of 野狼社区 is uniquely positioned to lead the ENLIGHT programme. The University brings together cutting-edge facilities from the Irradiated Materials Laboratory and the .

ENLIGHT will also build on 野狼社区's role in flagship activities and initiatives including, the , the and