The full conference programme and ticket information can be found at , or you can follow @fm44conference on X (Twitter) and @fm44conference.bsky.social on Bluesky. 

Conference sponsors: British Commission for Military History (BCMH), Society for Latin American Studies (SLAS) and The University of 野狼社区鈥檚 Student Enhancement Fund.

Published in , the study was mainly funded by the Medical Research Council. Respondents were members of a long-term project on police health at Imperial College London, which also provided infrastructure support for the survey. 

Most UK police officers wear an ear-piece in one ear. The devices are capable of high sound levels so that they can be heard over background noise. Past reports have emphasised that officers must choose low volume-control settings to protect their hearing. 

Until now, there has been no research into the volume settings actually used, or their effects on hearing health. 

The University of 野狼社区 researchers asked 4,498 UK police personnel about their volume-control settings, patterns of ear-piece use, immediate after-effects, and long-term hearing symptoms. 

Over 45% of ear-piece users reported experiencing signs of temporary hearing loss (muffled hearing or ringing in their ear) immediately after using an ear-piece. These after-effects were more common in police who used higher volume-control settings. 

Even more important were links to long-term hearing problems. Ear-piece use accompanied by immediate after-effects more than doubled an officer鈥檚 risk of having tinnitus (spontaneously ringing ears, which can indicate permanent hearing damage). It also raised the risk of having diagnosed hearing loss by 93%. 

Crucially, symptoms were much more common in the ear with the ear-piece than the opposite ear, increasing the likelihood that hearing problems were directly linked to ear-piece use. 

The project鈥檚 senior advisor, Professor Chris Plack of The University of 野狼社区, said: 鈥淚t鈥檚 not unusual to experience signs of temporary hearing loss after being in extremely noisy environments, such as nightclubs or concerts. For police to experience these after-effects in the workplace is concerning.鈥� 

The lead researcher, of The University of 野狼社区, said: 鈥淲e were surprised that ear-piece use with after-effects was so strongly linked to long-term hearing symptoms. And the fact that symptoms tended to appear in the exposed ear, rather than the opposite ear, is a particularly telling finding.鈥�

But Dr Guest cautioned: 鈥淚t鈥檚 important not to over-interpret our results, since they are based on survey responses. Going forward, laboratory hearing tests are needed to confirm whether ear-piece users have measurable differences between their ears.

鈥淭hese should include standard clinical hearing tests, like those used by NHS audiologists, but also tests that are sensitive to the early warning signs of hearing damage.鈥�

Professor Plack said: 鈥淲e also need to understand why officers choose such high volume-control settings. This knowledge could help us find ways to reduce risks to police hearing, such as improved ear-piece technology, training for officers on safe use, and increased monitoring of hearing health.

鈥淥ur data aren鈥檛 the final word, but they are a notable discovery that warrants further investigation. They point to the need not only for follow-up laboratory testing but also for practical steps to reduce long-term risk.鈥�

Dr Guest added: 鈥淲e are pleased that key groups within UK policing - including the Disabled Police Association and the Police Chief Medical Officer - have been open to discussing our findings and are keen to explore measures to protect police hearing.鈥�

• The paper, Leveraging monaural exposures to reveal early effects of noise: Evidence from police radio ear-piece use, is published at
• Simple visualisations of the key study findings are available for media professionals and the public at

The researchers found the same pattern of seasonal variation in the highest quality sperm in two very different climates鈥� Denmark and Florida鈥� suggesting that seasonality affects male fertility more than temperature alone.

The study was published in the peer-reviewed journal and has practical implications for male fertility care.

Understanding seasonal patterns, for example, could help clinics optimise the timing of treatment and fertility testing to provide better guidance to couples trying to conceive.

Though scientists have long known that many human biological processes change with the seasons, previous studies on the quality of semen at different times of the year have provided conflicting results due to small sample sizes or differences in climate and laboratory methods from study to study.

To address that, this new study analysed semen samples from 15,581 men applying to be sperm donors between 2018 and 2024.

The men were aged 18 to 45 and lived near Cryos International clinics in Denmark and Florida.

All samples were analysed within an hour using the same computer assisted system to ensure consistent measurement.

The team examined sperm concentration, sperm motility (how well sperm can swim and move forward), and ejaculate volume across all months of the year.

They also looked at outdoor temperatures during the month the sperm was collected and two months earlier, when early sperm development begins.

Advanced statistical models were used to identify seasonal trends while accounting for the man鈥檚 age, outdoor temperatures, and long-term changes across the study period.

The results revealed strong and consistent seasonal variation in the concentration of progressively motile sperm.

Fast鈥憁oving sperm were most abundant in June and July in both Denmark and Florida.

Levels were lowest in December and January, even though Florida remains warm year round.

The study found no seasonal changes in total sperm concentration or ejaculate volume, suggesting the number of sperm produced does not vary by season, though their ability to move effectively does.

The number of motile sperm per ejaculate also followed a seasonal pattern, even after accounting for temperature, indicating that factors other than heat鈥攕uch as variation in lifestyle, daylight, or environmental exposures鈥攎ay influence sperm motility.

Co-author P from The University of 野狼社区 said: 鈥淲e were struck by how similar the seasonal pattern was in two completely different climates.

鈥淓ven in Florida, where temperatures stay warm, sperm motility still peaked in summer and dipped in winter, which tells us that ambient temperature alone is unlikely to explain these changes.鈥�

He added: 鈥淥ur study highlights the importance of considering seasonality when evaluating semen quality. It also shows that seasonal variation in sperm motility occurs even in warm climates. These findings deepen our understanding of male reproductive health and may help improve fertility outcomes.鈥�

Medical director at Cryos international, Anne-Bine Skytte said: 鈥淭hese data suggest that the month of the year when a man first attends a clinic to be evaluated as a sperm donor, will impact on the quality of the sample he produces and therefore may influence the chances of him being accepted as a donor.

鈥淗aving an ejaculate that contains a high number of swimming sperm is one of the main characteristics we look for when deciding whether he is suitable or not.

• The paper Seasonal trends in sperm quality in Denmark and Florida is available https://doi.org/10.1186/s12958-026-01537-w

The University of 野狼社区 and Calgary researchers publish their study today in the Journal of Health Economics amid a backdrop of dwindling numbers of GPs practice owners-known as partners.

That, say the researchers, puts the managerial and financial burden of operating a practice on increasingly smaller numbers of GPs, with a heightened consequential risk of burnout and stress.

It is funded by the National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Policy Research Unit (PRU) in Health and Social Care Systems and Commissioning.

Practices in the UK are generally owned and operated by one or more self-employed independent contractors referred to as partners.

Under most general practice contracts with the NHS, there must be at least one General Practitioner (GP) partner at a practice; however, not all partners need to be GPs.

One potential way to provide a sustainable alternative structure for general practice they say, could be non-clinical ownership with practice managers as partners.

The managers, responsible for administration, HR, and financial management, typically handle the business and operational aspects of the practice and do not usually have medical training.

By 2022, the number of practices reporting they had a manager partner had grown to 335, from 0 in 2015, serving 7% of patients registered at general practices in England.

Based on analysis of data from England鈥檚 37,660 practice-years from 5,026 general practices between 2015 and 2023, the researchers use a range of sources to investigate the impact of non-clinical ownership stakes on key primary care outcomes.

They found that appointing a manager partner leads to significant increases in full-time equivalent (FTE) direct patient care staff, excluding GPs and nurses, as well as administrative staff numbers and total patient list size.

Practices that appoint a manager partner were found to be more sustainable because they were less likely to subsequently merge or close.

There were no significant impacts on numbers of GP or nurse staff, GP turnover, quality of care, patients鈥� satisfaction and access. And income from reimbursement for non-core services, such as local or direct enhanced service, quality outcome framework payments, and medication administration payments,  were higher following appointment of a practice manager as a partner.

Co -author from The University of 野狼社区 said: 鈥淥ur study shows shared GP and manager partnership has the potential to reduce risk of closure of practices while easing GP partners financial and administrative burden.鈥�

鈥淭his ownership model is feasible within many other healthcare systems, where physicians may seek to share with non-clinical colleagues the financial and administrative burden associated with operating practices.鈥�

Co-author Dr Sean Urwin from The University of 野狼社区, said: 鈥淎s the number of GP partners continues to decrease, the managerial and financial burden of operating a practice is placed upon an increasingly smaller number of GPs.

鈥淲hile not a like-for-like substitute for GPs, we argue that non-GP partners can alleviate some partnership burdens and offer additional managerial skills.

鈥淥ur analysis also indicates that manager partners offer a potential route for smaller practices to retain their independence rather than being integrated into larger organizations.鈥�

Co-author Dr Ben walker from the University of Calgary, Canada, said: 鈥淭he appointment as of practice managers as partners may offer a number of benefits.

鈥淭he increase in direct patient care staff in practices that appoint manager partners could be indicative of the manager鈥檚 efforts to improve the organisational efficiency and performance of the practice.

鈥淲ith expertise in business planning, they may be better placed and more incentivised to maximise income, leaving more time for GPs to concentrate ion patient care and even potentially slowing the decline in GP partner retention.

鈥淏ut also, manager partners鈥� skills in HR and financial planning may improve staff organisation and recruitment.鈥�

• The paper Shared Stakes in English General Practice: The Impact of Practice Managers as Partners on Outcomes is available  

Although focused on Mexico, the findings have global relevance as countries accelerate restoration pledges and international initiatives led by organisations such as the United Nations. The researchers hope their work will help policymakers to design fairer, more effective restoration strategies, ensuring that efforts to restore nature also strengthen communities and deliver lasting benefits for people and the planet.

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The landmark licensing agreement was announced at a celebration of the sixtieth anniversary of the Cypriot university this week (18 Feb) in Limassol.

The University of 野狼社区鈥檚 School of Medical Sciences programme will be used as a model to develop a new offering to teach undergraduate medical students at a new medical school in 2028, with a new building planned at the Limassol campus.

The agreement is testament to the quality of medical education at 野狼社区 which can trace its roots way back over 250 years.

It is also reflects the university鈥檚 commitment to  social responsibility by helping to reduce the global deficit of health professionals.

The University of 野狼社区 will provide training to support staff at Frederick University working with two private hospitals in Limassol: Ygia hospital and the Mediterranean Hospital of Cyprus to deliver clinical placements for the Frederick University medical students.

The programme is being thoughtfully adapted to reflect the healthcare priorities, regulatory framework, and cultural context of Cyprus, ensuring that graduates are prepared to meet local and regional medical needs while benefiting from an internationally respected academic framework.

The programme, which is still being finalised, will be submitted to the Cyprus Agency of Quality Assurance and Accreditation in Higher Education.

野狼社区, one of the UK鈥檚 leading centres for medical education, research, and clinical excellence, will provide ongoing support and training for each academic year.

Deputy Dean and Deputy Vice President of the Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health at The University of 野狼社区, Professor Allan Pacey and Professor Margaret Kingston,  Director of Undergraduate Medical and Dental Studies, were at the celebration.

Professor Pacey said: 鈥淎s one of the United Kingdom鈥檚 largest and most innovative medical schools, we are delighted to announce this partnership.

鈥淏ased in one of Europe鈥檚 largest healthcare hubs in 野狼社区, our medical students benefit from early patient contact, world-class teaching hospitals, and a curriculum grounded in innovation, compassion, and evidence-based practice.

鈥淕raduates leave not only as highly skilled clinicians, but as leaders ready to shape the future of global healthcare.

鈥淲e are delighted to be able to share our experience with Frederick University so they will be able to nurture their own world class medics in Cyprus.鈥�

Professor Tony Heagerty, Head of the School of Medical Sciences said: 鈥淭he University of 野狼社区,  founded as a civic university, has had a historic focus on social responsibility and this partnership has been built on a foundation of those shared values.  

鈥淥ur agreement between School of Medical Sciences and Frederick University  reflects our part in helping to reduce the global deficit of health professionals.

鈥淎nd It aligns with the university's commitment to ensuring teaching can make a positive, ethical, and lasting impact on society.

鈥淚n Frederick, we recognise a partner which is also focused on making a difference in Cyprus and the rest of the world.鈥�

President of the Council of Frederick University, Natassa Frederickou said: 鈥淲e are honoured to partner with The University of 野狼社区 in this landmark collaboration, which marks an important milestone for Frederick University and for the development of medical education in Cyprus.

鈥淭he establishment of the first Medical School in Limassol reflects the shared long-term vision of Frederick University and The University of 野狼社区 to advance medical education and research in the region. This partnership is grounded in a common commitment to academic excellence, social responsibility, and global impact.

鈥淏y sharing the curriculum approach, academic philosophy, and rigorous standards associated with one of the world鈥檚 leading medical schools, we will offer education of international calibre. Together, we aim to educate future doctors who combine scientific expertise with compassion, while strengthening healthcare systems and advancing medical research for the benefit of society. This partnership is built on shared values, and we are proud to take this significant step forward together.鈥�

Earth-observation satellites are increasingly relied upon to support efforts to meet the United Nations鈥� 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), providing critical data on issues like land use, urban development, ecosystems and disaster response. However, the rapid growth of satellite missions is also making Earth鈥檚 orbits more crowded and hazardous, increasing the risk of collisions and the creation of long-lasting space debris.

There are currently around 11,800 active satellites in orbit, but some predictions suggest that number could rise to more than 100,000 by the end of the decade. Collisions in space can generate large amounts of debris, threatening satellites, astronauts and the long-term usability of key orbital regions.

The new model, which links satellite mission objectives with collision risk as a key first step in mission design, is presented in the journal .

Lead author , PhD researcher at The University of 野狼社区, said: 鈥淥ur research addresses what is described as a 鈥渟pace sustainability paradox鈥�, the risk that using satellites to solve environmental and social challenges on Earth could ultimately undermine the long-term sustainability of space itself.

鈥淏y integrating collision risk into early mission design, we ensure Earth-observation missions can be planned more responsibly, balancing data quality with the need to protect the orbital environment.鈥�

Many applications that support the SDGs rely on very high-resolution satellite imagery. To achieve this level of detail, satellites often operate at lower altitudes, which reduces their field of view. Alternatively, they can operate at higher altitudes but must be larger and heavier to carry bigger optical systems. This increases their exposure to space debris and makes collisions more likely and potentially more damaging.

The new modelling framework allows satellite performance requirements and collision risk to be considered together during mission design, rather than being assessed separately or late in development.

The approach links mission requirements, such as image resolution and coverage, with estimates of satellite size, mass, the numbers of satellites in a constellation, and the level of debris present in different regions of low Earth orbit. This allows designers to explore how different mission choices affect both data quality and collision risk.

Using the model, the researchers found that collision risk does not simply peak where debris is most concentrated - satellite size also plays a major role. For example, for a satellite designed to deliver 0.5 metre resolution imagery, collision probability was highest between 850 and 950 kilometres above Earth - about 50 kilometres higher than the peak in debris density.

The study also found that although higher orbits require fewer satellites to achieve coverage, those satellites carry a greater individual collision risk because they are much larger. Lower orbits need more satellites, but each one can be smaller and therefore less hazardous.

Dr , Lecturer in Aerospace Systems at The University of 野狼社区, said: 鈥淎s satellite use continues to grow, our method offers a practical way to ensure that space remains safe, sustainable and usable for generations to come, while still delivering the data needed to address the world鈥檚 most pressing challenges.鈥�

, Professor of Space Technology at The University of 野狼社区, added: 鈥淭he method could also be adapted for different Earth-observation systems and expanded to include more detailed space-environment impacts. In future work, we could account for how long debris fragments stay in orbit, how likely they are to hit other satellites, and the wider environmental effects of satellite re-entry. This would allow mission designers to evaluate trade-offs across the full sustainability picture.鈥�

This research was published in the journal Advances in Space Research

Full title: Collision risk from performance requirements in Earth observation mission design

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鈥淔aster access to emergency funding, more resilient supply chains and better disaster planning could help prevent payment delays from turning into job losses and business failures.鈥� 

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The study, led by The University of 野狼社区, suggests that while removing livestock from upland grasslands can increase fast-cycling carbon stored in plants and dead vegetation, it can also lead to losses of a more stable form of soil carbon. This long-lived carbon, known as mineral-associated organic carbon (MAOC), is bound to soil minerals and can persist for decades to centuries, making it critical for long-term climate mitigation.

Grasslands store around one-third of the world鈥檚 terrestrial carbon, with the vast majority being found in soils. As governments pursue net-zero targets, removing livestock from historically grazed grasslands has increasingly been proposed as a scalable climate solution.

Traditionally, scientists and land managers have relied on 鈥渢otal carbon stocks鈥� to assess carbon removal projects. However, the new findings, published in the today, show that focusing solely on the total amount of carbon stored, rather than how securely it is stored, may be misleading.

鈥淲hile ungrazed grasslands tend to accumulate more unprotected carbon in plants and litter, they are associated with lower levels of soil carbon protected by minerals, which is the form most resistant to warming-induced decomposition,鈥� explained Dr Luhong Zhou, lead author of the study and visiting scholar at The University of 野狼社区. 鈥淎lthough high grazing intensity can negatively affect soil carbon, our results show that total grazer exclusion does not necessarily lead to greater long-term soil carbon storage.鈥�

The team of researchers from The University of 野狼社区 (UK), Lancaster University (UK), Yale University (USA), Fujian Normal University (China), and Leiden University (the Netherlands), analysed 12 upland grassland sites across an 800-kilometre south鈥搉orth gradient in the United Kingdom, from Dartmoor to Glensaugh in Scotland. At each site, they compared grasslands that had been ungrazed for more than ten years with neighbouring areas that had been grazed over that time.

They found that ungrazed grasslands tended to accumulate more short-lived carbon in plant biomass and surface litter but generally contained lower levels of MAOC.

The decline in long-lived soil carbon is linked to changes in vegetation following the removal of grazing sheep. As a result, grass-dominated landscapes are increasingly replaced by dwarf shrubs such as heather. The roots of the shrubs form associations with a specialised fungi called ericoid mycorrhiza. These fungi slow the decay of plant litter, causing an increase in production of short-lived carbon but also stimulating the breakdown of older, more stable soil carbon, in order to gain nutrients to sustain plant growth. Wetter soils can also further weaken the minerals that normally help protect MAOC.

鈥淰iewing grazer removal as a universally beneficial strategy for carbon mitigation often overlooks the continuum of carbon durability within ecosystems, and the fact that not all carbon gains contribute equally to long-term climate mitigation,鈥� said Dr Shangshi Liu from the Yale Center for Natural Carbon Capture who co-led this study. 鈥� When slow-cycling carbon declines, grassland carbon stocks may become more vulnerable to future climate change. Effective climate mitigation strategies must therefore consider  both how much carbon is stored and how durable it is鈥�

The findings come at a critical time for environmental management policy in the UK and globally, as governments develop land-use frameworks to meet net-zero targets.  

Professor Richard Bardgett, Chair of Ecology at Lancaster University, who initiated the study while at The University of 野狼社区, said: 鈥淥ur results suggest that maintaining low-intensity grazing in upland grasslands, which cover large areas in the United Kingdom, is important for protecting the most stable forms of soil carbon.鈥�

The authors emphasise that their findings do not argue against reducing overgrazing. Rather, they call for more balanced grassland management approaches that account for both total carbon stocks and carbon persistence.

The study was funded by the UK Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC), the European Research Council (ERC), and Yale Center for Natural Carbon Capture fellowship.

The findings are Published in PNAS

Full title: Grazer exclusion is associated with higher fast-cycling carbon pools but lower slow-cycling mineral-associated carbon across grasslands

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鈥淎t a time when many people feel overwhelmed or anxious about the future, these experiences often helped people reconnect with hope and a sense of purpose.鈥�

鈥淭his research shows that therapy doesn鈥檛 always have to happen in a room,鈥� said co-author Professor Terry Hanley. 鈥淔or some people, being outdoors creates the space they need to reflect, heal and move forward. As mental health services face growing demand, nature-based approaches could be a valuable part of a wider, more humane response to wellbeing.鈥�

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Developed through the Greater 野狼社区 Civic University Agreement, the initiative enables postgraduate researchers to teach up to 20 hours per week in FE settings, providing specialist expertise in priority subjects such as engineering, STEM and digital skills. In turn, the programme offers researchers valuable, paid teaching experience while helping colleges tackle critical local and regional skills gaps.

University of 野狼社区 President and Vice-Chancellor Professor Duncan Ivison highlighted the civic significance of the programme: 鈥淲e鈥檙e putting PhD researchers into Greater 野狼社区 colleges to teach alongside experienced staff 鈥� starting with engineering, where skills shortages are most acute. This will help colleges with specialist expertise, give our researchers valuable paid teaching experience, and create clearer pathways between further and higher education. This is the kind of collaboration that will contribute to the region鈥檚 economic growth and is exactly what a civic university should be doing.鈥�

Professor Callum Kidd, who led the pilot programme, said: 鈥淭his initiative strengthens the link between Higher Education and Further Education, creating pathways for learners and tackling regional skills gaps. It also offers PhD researchers real-world teaching experience that enhances their career prospects.鈥�

The pilot phase of the programme was launched in 2025 at Wigan & Leigh College, where three postgraduate researchers from the School of Engineering were recruited through the Faculty of Science and Engineering (FSE) Doctoral Academy. The project has been chaired by Professor Callum Kidd (FSE) and jointly developed by a cross-institutional team.鈥慽nstitutional team

Anna Dawe, Principal of Wigan & Leigh College, added: 鈥淲e are delighted to build together this partnership with The University of 野狼社区. Bringing PhD researchers into our colleges enriches students' learning experience and helps address the pressing need for skilled educators in technical subjects. This collaboration is a fantastic example of how Greater 野狼社区鈥檚 education ecosystem can work together to deliver real impact.鈥�

The programme aligns with national and regional priorities to strengthen the civic role of universities while boosting access to specialist expertise across FE colleges.

Following the success of the first phase, the project team is now developing plans to expand the programme across the full Faculty of Science and Engineering, with long term ambitions to extend it university wide. Discussions with additional Further Education colleges in Greater 野狼社区 are underway, with participating institutions set to be confirmed later this year. A full review of the pilot phase will be completed in February 2026.鈥憈erm ambitions to extend it university鈥憌ide. Discussions with additional Further Education colleges in Greater 野狼社区 are underway, with participating institutions set to be confirmed later this year. A full review of the pilot phase will be completed in February 2026.

For further information please directly contact mags.bradbury@manchester.ac.uk

Dr Wasim Ahmed, of the University of Hull, explained: 鈥淲omen and girls in sport deserve environments, both online and offline, where their achievements are celebrated. Our findings highlight an urgent need for stronger protections and platform-level responsibility. Without meaningful intervention, we risk normalising behaviour that has real and harmful consequences for those targeted.鈥�

Dr Emma Kavanagh, of Loughborough University, said: 鈥淲e must act now to protect the health and wellbeing of athletes as they navigate their careers in the era of online media. Online abuse can have profound and lasting effects, and it can no longer be normalised or accepted as part of modern sport. Ensuring athletes are equipped to manage online environments and enhancing their safety is a vital step forward in advancing player care.鈥�

Dr Maz Hardey, Professor of Business and Computing, Durham University, outlined: 鈥淲e are witnessing a pivotal shift where online impunity is finally meeting real-world retribution, financially and legally, for perpetrators. However, the cost for the victims remains unacceptably high. This abuse has actively dismantled careers and forced women to withdraw from UK football culture entirely to ensure their own safety. Legal wins are crucial, but we must act faster to ensure women are not forced into professional exile just to survive the abuse.鈥�

Dr Rosy Boardman, of the University of 野狼社区, added: 鈥淥ur research shows how influential figures can radically shape the tone and trajectory of online conversations. When individuals with large followings use their platforms to normalise misogyny or direct hostility toward women in sport, they don鈥檛 just express an opinion - they legitimise harmful narratives that would otherwise remain on the fringes. Their words act as accelerants, fuelling polarisation and creating digital environments where abuse becomes routine.

The paper, Misogyny, Misogynoir and Violent Online Rhetoric Against Women and Girls in Sport: The Case of Joey Barton has been published in .

Barton was found guilty at Liverpool Crown Court in November 2025 of six counts of sending grossly offensive electronic communications with intent to cause distress or anxiety, and sentenced in December 2025 to six months in custody, suspended for 18 months.

The University ranked in the top 50 globally for four subjects, including Arts & Humanities (41), Business & Economics (41) and Social Sciences (32). The University received its highest ranking for Engineering, taking 5^th place in the UK ranking and 48^th globally.

The University saw its ranking improve in 3 subjects compared to the previous rankings, including Social Sciences (by 5 to 32), Arts & Humanities (by 2 to 41) and Physical Sciences (by 4 to 51).

The THE subject rankings cover 148 individual disciplines under broad subject areas. The methodology judges universities based on five core pillars of evaluation: teaching, research environment, research quality, international outlook and industry.

Professor Colette Fagan, Vice-President for Research at The University of 野狼社区, said of the latest rankings: 鈥淭his global subject ranking is testament to the high level of teaching and research excellence this University prides itself on. We use global rankings to inform our evaluation of our current offering and strategic plans to ensure we are providing students with the skills and knowledge they need to thrive in their chosen fields, both at the University and beyond.鈥�

Professor Jenn Hallam, Vice-President for Teaching, Learning and Students at The University of 野狼社区 added: 鈥淔ollowing the recent launch of our 2035 strategy, we are collectively working to meet our big ambitions of making learning flexible, personalised and digitally-enabled, and allowing students to co-create their study on their own terms. These rankings are useful in demonstrating where we are, and where we would like to be, to ensure we keep building on the high-quality teaching we deliver to our talented students.鈥�

Right now The University of 野狼社区 ranks 8^th in the UK and 56^th in the world in the THE World University Rankings for 2026. The prestigious rankings evaluate more than 2,000 institutions from 115 countries and territories. 

In the QS World University Rankings 2026, The University of 野狼社区 ranks 7^th in the UK and 35^th in the world, while the University also ranks first in the UK and second in the world in the .

Claire Costello, Chief People and Inclusion Officer at Co-op explained: 鈥淥ur Co-op believes everyone, whatever their background, should be able to access opportunities in the arts and creative sector throughout Greater 野狼社区. Apprenticeships can provide a 鈥榮tepping stone鈥� for future careers, that鈥檚 why Co-op is encouraging Greater 野狼社区 employers to share unspent apprenticeship levy funds to raise 拢3 million over 3 years to support 200 new apprenticeships in the arts and creative sector throughout Greater 野狼社区.鈥� 

The inquiry鈥檚 findings are being launched on January 26^th at an event at the Whitworth Art Gallery at The University of 野狼社区 in collaboration with research platform Creative 野狼社区, where the Mayor of Greater 野狼社区, Andy Burnham, is due to speak.  

The report can be downloaded .

The research 鈥� funded by the NIHR Applied Research Collaboration Greater 野狼社区 (ARC-GM) - explores how being unable to attend healthcare appointments during normal working hours affects the health and wellbeing of employees.

It found that jobs lacking flexibility for workers to attend healthcare appointments are linked with significantly lower health-related quality of life. This was driven mainly by effects on physical health rather than mental health, with workers who have long-term conditions being the most affected.

In the UK, there is no statutory requirement to allow employees to attend healthcare appointments during working hours, however some employers choose to allow this type of flexibility.

The research team, led by academics from The University of 野狼社区, suggest that to move towards a more prevention focused health system, people need to be able to access routine GP appointments and cancer screening before the point of serious illness.

, Research Fellow in Health Economics at The University of 野狼社区, said: 鈥淲orking full time presents challenges for many workers whose jobs don鈥檛 offer the flexibility needed to take time away to attend healthcare appointments. This has significant implications for early diagnosis and management of long-term conditions.

鈥淭he findings of our research make it clear that population health could be significantly improved by removing barriers during typical working hours to allow workers to access primary care services, such as GP and screening appointments.

鈥淲hile positive steps have been taken to address this access issue through the offer of out-of-hours appointments, there鈥檚 a wider discussion to be had about the role employers can play in supporting their employees鈥� health by permitting flexibility around healthcare appointments 鈥� without having to take paid leave or forego income.鈥�

Dr , Deputy Theme Lead for Economic Sustainability at ARC-GM, and Senior Lecturer in Health Economics at The University of 野狼社区, said: 鈥淲ork shouldn鈥檛 be a barrier to remaining healthy. But this research shows that for some people working in inflexible jobs where they aren鈥檛 able to attend healthcare appointments during the typical working day, it can have an impact on their physical health. These challenges are particularly pressing in the context of our ageing population and the more frequent need for routine healthcare among older age groups.

鈥淲e鈥檇 welcome further investigation into the impact of this barrier to accessing healthcare, and the cost-effectiveness of different policy approaches.鈥�

Researchers used data from the National General Practice Patient Survey in England, which is a large national survey targeting random samples of individuals registered with each general practice. Data from six waves of the survey (2013-2017) was used in which a measure of health-related quality of life was collected. The measurement of health-related quality of life covers five domains: mobility, self-care, usual activities, pain/discomfort, and anxiety/depression.

The sample used was restricted to individuals aged between 18 and 64 years and only included those in full-time employment.

• The full study - 鈥業mpact of Constrained Access to Primary Care on Health-Related Quality of Life鈥� - has been published by the Value in Health journal. You can read the report and its results DOI

• 65,000 staff and students will receive full Microsoft 365 Copilot access and training as The University of 野狼社区 becomes the world鈥檚 first university to offer universal provision across its entire community.     
• The University-wide rollout will equip students with future-ready skills, strengthen teaching and research, and help address the emerging digital divide through equitable access to the advanced AI tools within Microsoft 365 Copilot.
• Today鈥檚 announcement builds on 野狼社区鈥檚 76-year AI legacy, from Alan Turing to today鈥檚 ground-breaking research, positioning the University as a leader in ethical, responsible AI adoption.   

The University of 野狼社区 has announced a strategic collaboration with Microsoft, becoming the first university in the world to give Microsoft 365 Copilot access and training to every student and colleague. 

The landmark agreement will see 65,000 students, academics and colleagues benefit from the full Microsoft 365 Copilot suite, alongside training to support effective and responsible use.  

This initiative forms part of the University鈥檚 wider digital and AI transformation programme, which focuses not only on tools, but on building long-term AI literacy, and ensuring the responsible integration of emerging technologies.

It will support learning, research and professional work, and graduate employability. It addresses the emerging digital divide by ensuring that all students 鈥� regardless of personal means 鈥� can benefit from advanced assistive and productivity tools. 

The announcement comes 76 years after Alan Turing published his seminal 鈥楾uring Test鈥� paper while working at the University, one of the first on artificial intelligence, and reflects 野狼社区鈥檚 continuing leadership in AI, with more than to understand and shape the technology. 

The Microsoft 365 Copilot rollout, to be completed by summer 2026, will equip 野狼社区 students with future-ready skills and enable researchers to accelerate interdisciplinary discovery and analysis at scale.   

• Through access and training, 野狼社区 graduates will be well prepared for the modern workplace, where employers increasingly expect graduates to be confident users of AI technologies. Students will also be able to use Microsoft 365 Copilot to support their studies in line with the University鈥檚 policies on the responsible use of AI.
• Universal access will help address the emerging digital divide by ensuring that all students can benefit from advanced assistive and productivity tools, regardless of personal means.
• Researchers across the University will be able to use Microsoft 365 Copilot to reduce time spent on routine tasks and explore ideas beyond their immediate disciplines. It enhances evidence gathering by navigating wider and more diverse literature, strengthens understanding through fast and accurate synthesis, and accelerates data analysis to unlock insights sooner. 野狼社区 researchers are already using AI to advance breast cancer treatment and improve menopause care, transform crop productivity, and reduce waste in the fashion industry.
• For academic and professional services colleagues, Microsoft 365 Copilot will support more efficient ways of working and free up time for higher-value, strategic activity. A pilot conducted between 2024 and 2025 demonstrated strong engagement, with 90 per cent of licensed users adopting the tool within 30 days and around half using it several times a week.   

Professor Duncan Ivison, President and Vice-Chancellor of The University of 野狼社区, said: 鈥淎I is now part of everyday life. Our responsibility is not only to make these tools available to all our students and staff on an equitable basis, but to use the depth of expertise across our university to shape how AI is developed and applied for public good.   

鈥淏y embracing the AI transformation early, we are working with students, colleagues and partners to maximise the benefits and manage risks responsibly. The great universities of the 21st century will be digitally enabled 鈥� this partnership represents a significant step on that journey for 野狼社区.鈥�

Darren Hardman, CEO, , said, 鈥淎s someone who grew up in 野狼社区, I鈥檓 proud to see the University extending access to Microsoft 365 Copilot across its entire community, helping 65,000 students and staff build the skills they鈥檒l need to thrive in an AI鈥慹nabled economy. This is a powerful example of how we can pair 野狼社区鈥檚 deep AI heritage with responsible, ethical adoption that helps to close the digital divide and equip people to learn, research and work more effectively.鈥�  

The strategic collaboration with Microsoft is one of the first major developments following the launch of the University鈥檚 new strategy, From 野狼社区 for the world, demonstrating its ambition for research impact, world-class teaching and learning, and responsible leadership in digital transformation and innovation in action.  

The rollout will be delivered in partnership with the Students鈥� Union, trade unions and staff networks. The University is working closely with Microsoft to ensure transparency around environmental and wider impacts, and to promote best practice in responsible and sustainable AI adoption.  

Microsoft鈥檚 long-standing commitments to sustainability were an important consideration for the University in partnering with them. These include being committed to becoming carbon negative, water positive and zero waste by 2030. 

Professor Jenn Hallam, Vice-President for Teaching, Learning and Students, said: 鈥淓very student deserves access to the best AI tools to enable them to thrive in their studies 鈥� no matter their circumstances or background. AI is an enabler for teaching and learning, not a replacement. It鈥檚 not just supportive in the classroom, but in wider productivity and future life skills and we鈥檙e giving students the tools and training to use it in the right way, ethically and appropriately. We鈥檙e not just preparing graduates who can go out and get good jobs, we鈥檙e preparing the next generation of citizens. That鈥檚 the mission of 野狼社区 鈥� you'll get a great degree, but we鈥檒l also prepare you for a fast-changing world.鈥� 

Kanishka Narayan, Minister for AI and Online Safety, said: "When we bring a technology like AI together with the peerless expertise of UK universities, the potential is enormous. Whether supporting students in their studies, opening new avenues of research, or slashing the time spent on routine tasks, the benefits are transformative.   

"This partnership between The University of 野狼社区 and Microsoft will help our brightest minds do what they do best 鈥� innovate. Meanwhile, initiatives like the Department for Science, Innovation and Technology's Sp盲rck Scholarships will attract high-potential AI talent to top universities like 野狼社区." 

The study found that wellbeing programmes worked best when led by senior school leaders but shaped collaboratively by staff and pupils. Initiatives such as 鈥榢eep, tweak or ditch鈥� reviews helped teachers cut unnecessary workload, while pupil wellbeing ambassadors and parent workshops extended the benefits beyond the classroom.

鈥淭his research highlights the power of schools working as communities - not just institutions that deliver lessons, but places that nurture people,鈥� added Dr MacQuarrie. 鈥淭he schools we studied created a sense of belonging, where staff and pupils alike feel heard and supported.鈥�

Dr Hennessey concluded: 鈥淲ellbeing and learning go hand in hand. Schools that invest in the health and happiness of their staff and students aren鈥檛 just improving education - they鈥檙e shaping stronger, kinder communities.鈥�

The study is published in the journal Alcohol and Alcoholism today (15/01/26) and is the first of its kind to compare alcohol treatment outcomes for all adolescents aged 11 鈥� 17 seeking specialist treatment for alcohol problems in England.

It included data of marginalised groups, like those who are NEET, homeless, experiencing sexual exploitation and registered with social services.

Almost 26% of NEETs and 18% of adolescents with a child protection plan - which indicates risk of significant harm through neglect, physical, sexual or emotional abuse - did not complete treatments.

Older adolescents and those with higher alcohol use at treatment start were also at greater risk of dropping out of treatment compared with other vulnerable groups.

They also found that early onset alcohol use, mental health problems and substance use among family or household members reduced the chance of stopping drinking (becoming abstinent), by the end of treatment.

Adolescent alcohol abuse can lead to developmental problems, higher risk of addiction, accidents and injuries, mental health problems and poor performance at school.

Treatment typically involves psychosocial interventions including psychoeducation, motivational interviewing, Cognitive Behavioural Therapy, family therapy and safeguarding.

A 2023 Government report showed that 5% of all school pupils said they usually drank alcohol at least once per week. The proportion increased with age, from 1% of 11 and 12 year olds to 11% of 15 year olds

There were also 14,352 children and young people aged 17 and under in alcohol and drug treatment between April 2023 and March 2024, a 16% increase from the previous year.

However, the numbers of young people in alcohol and drug treatment are 41% lower than at peak in 2008/09. Over this period concerns have been raised about cuts to funding and changing trends in alcohol consumption.

This study suggests among those who do access treatment, outcomes vary significantly based on socioeconomic disadvantage and early life adversity.

The researchers analysed National Drug Treatment Monitoring System (NDTMS) data of 2,621 adolescents whose publicly funded alcohol treatment took place between April 2018 and March 2023 in England.

Lead author Dr Mica Komarnyckyj from The University of 野狼社区 said: 鈥淎lcohol abuse is a serious problem among young people and can lead to lifelong consequences.

鈥淪o understanding which people struggle with treatment is crucial as it could help services provide more tailored support for those at higher risk.

鈥淢any challenges that put adolescents at risk of being NEET -  such as lack of parental support, economic inequalities or emotional difficulties 鈥� may be the same barriers that make it harder for them to complete treatment.鈥�

She added: 鈥淵oung people with child protection plans also had greater risk of dropping out of treatment. Many have experienced neglect or abuse, and some use alcohol to cope with trauma. Embedding trauma-informed approaches in services is essential鈥�

Co-author Dr Stephen Kaar, Addiction Psychiatrist from The University of 野狼社区 said: 鈥淭reatment services for adolescents with alcohol problems need to be appropriately funded, multi-disciplinary with a professionalised workforce, have access to mental health expertise and receive multi-agency support to improve outcomes for vulnerable populations鈥�.

An embargoed copy of the paper Associations between childhood risk factors and alcohol treatment outcomes in adolescence is available here

For many years, I lived in the Indian city of Chennai where the summer temperatures can reach up to 44掳C. With a population of 4.5 million, this coastal city is humid and hot.

Its suburbs are home to 600 Hindu temples and there鈥檚 a wildlife reserve called Guindy national park in the heart of the city. of the streets but green parks are few and far between 鈥� as is the shade.

As and the rest of , urban forests become more vital. These clusters of trees in parks, gardens, public spaces and along roads and rivers have multiple benefits 鈥� from cooling the surrounding air to providing homes for wildlife and creating space for people to enjoy nature. Yet they are often overlooked by city developers.

shows that, in Chennai, there are 26 square miles of tree and other vegetation cover, mainly accounted for by formal green spaces such as Guindy wildlife reserve. On the outskirts of this city, an area of nine square miles of unused land is ideally suited to creating more urban forest. Similarly, there is more potential space for urban forests in other fast urbanising Indian cities like Coimbatore and Tiruchirapalli.

recommend having at least 30% tree cover in urban areas. suggests that cities should allow for nine square metres of urban tree cover per person. Most Indian cities .

Improving urban forests in India has been a challenge for many years due to high land prices, lack of urban planning and little public participation .

Policies introduced by the Indian government to 鈥済reen鈥� urban areas often equate tree planting with cooling cities and building climate resilience. But it鈥檚 not that simple. The success of urban forests depends on factors such as rainfall, understanding interactions with local wildlife and people鈥檚 needs.

A warns that in hot, dry cities with limited water availability like Chennai, trees slow the cooling process by water evaporation from leaves and instead contribute to urban heat. Urban heat comes from the reflection and absorption of sunlight by buildings and land surfaces. This is particularly high in smaller Indian cities with populations of 1 to 5 million.

Planting trees with the sole aim of cooling cities could negatively affect wildlife too. Not all birds, bugs and mammals depend on trees for food or shelter. A from researchers in Bengaluru, India, shows that non-native tree species contribute little to bird richness. Meanwhile, urban grasslands and marshlands that are often misclassified as 鈥渨aste land鈥� support wildlife and help regulate flooding.

In India, cities and villages have open 鈥渃ommon鈥� land where people graze their cattle or harvest fuelwood from trees that grow naturally there 鈥� tree-planting initiatives in these open land areas can displace poorer communities of people who rely on open lands for grazing and fuel wood collection.

Design with nature

Urban forests can be planned to meet the needs of people, birds and other wildlife.

In 1969, Ian McHarg, the late Scottish landscape architect and urban planner came up with the concept of 鈥渄esign with nature鈥�, where development has a minimal negative effect on the environment. His idea was to preserve existing natural forests by proposing site suitability assessments. By analysing factors such as rivers and streams, soil type, slope and drainage, to identify which areas suit development and which are best preserved for nature.

This approach has advanced with new technology. Now, geographic information systems and satellite imagery help planners integrate environmental data and identify suitable areas for planting new trees or conserving urban forests.

Using the principles of landscape ecology, urban planners can design forest patches in a way that enhances the connectivity of green spaces in a city, rather than uniformly planting trees across all open spaces. By designing these 鈥渆cological corridors鈥�, trees along roads or canals, for example, can help link fragmented green spaces.

Planting native tree species suited to dry and drought-prone environments is also crucial, as is assessing the local community鈥檚 needs for native fruit-bearing trees that provide food.

Growing urban forests

By 2030, one-third of India鈥檚 electricity demand is expected to come from cooling equipment such as . Increasing urban forests could help reduce this .

National-level policies could support urban forest expansion across India. In 2014, the government of India released its urban greenery and flagship urban renewal programmes such as the have tried to increase tree cover. But guidelines often overlook critical considerations like ecological connectivity, native species and local community needs.

In 2020, the government of India launched (a scheme to improve tree cover in cities) with a budget of around US$94 million (拢70 million). It aims to create urban forests through active participation of citizens, government agencies and private companies. But there is little evidence that urban forest cover has improved.

Urbanisation reduced tree cover in most Indian cities, and much of it was rather . But by protecting and planting more trees, citizens can live in greener, cooler cities. By shifting urban forest policy from counting trees to designing landscapes, plans that enhance climate resilience, nature conservation and social equity can be put into practice.

, Postgraduate Researcher, Climate Adaptation,
This article is republished from under a Creative Commons license. Read the .

DOI:

The study, supported by the National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) 野狼社区 Biomedical Research Centre (BRC) is published in the journal today

The findings, based on the analysis of four linked national datasets comprising over 24,000 patients in England, Wales and Northern Ireland, hold true even when accounting for the different complexities and durations of the surgery.

The data showed late-morning surgery was linked to an 18% higher risk of death - almost one fifth - from heart related causes compared with early-morning surgery.

And the most common surgical start time was 07:00鈥�09:59- early morning - accounting for 47% of all surgeries.

Though complication rates and readmissions were unaffected by the time of day, the findings still pose questions about the best time to schedule heart surgery.

They also give an important insight into the potential influence of the body clock - a set of 24-hour biological cycles present in our cells and organs 鈥� on surgery as a whole.

Lead author is Dr Gareth Kitchen, Clinical Senior Lecturer at The University of 野狼社区. He is also part of the Respiratory Theme and Co-Lead for Industry and Commercialisation at the NIHR 野狼社区 BRC.

He said: 鈥淕iven that over 25,000 heart operations are performed across the UK every year with around a 2.7% mortality, even small improvements in timing-related outcomes could have significant benefits to patients.

鈥淭his research shows a slightly higher risk of heart related mortality is likely to occur when heart surgery starts in in late morning.

鈥淗owever, though the risk is statistically significant, it is relatively modest and patients can be reassured that most people will almost certainly be unaffected.

鈥淚t is though, our duty as clinicians to ensure the best possible outcomes, and moderating timings is a potentially inexpensive method to achieve that.鈥�

The researchers compared four starting times for the 3 to 5 hour operations: early morning (07:00 to 09:59); late morning (10:00 to 11:59); early afternoon (12:00 to 13:59); and late afternoon (14:00 to 19:59).

The main outcomes they examined were hazard of death from cardiovascular disease and time to hospital readmission for heart attack or acute heart failure.

Secondary outcomes included duration of postoperative hospital stay, occurrence of major cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality.

The researchers accounted for potential bias by taking into account key mortality predictors such as age, sex, diabetes and urgency of surgery.

Dr Kitchen added: 鈥淚ntegrating body clock biology into the planning of heart surgery could support a more personalised, precision medicine approach.

鈥淎s some people鈥檚 body clock makes them early birds and others makes them night owls, it is worth exploring tailored operative times through further research.

鈥淲ith more understanding of how body clock biology varies between individuals, precision and personalised scheduling of cardiac surgery may one day allow us to achieve better patient outcomes.鈥�

• The paper Time of Day and Outcomes Following Cardiac Surgery in the UK: A Secondary Analysis of Linked National Datasets is available . doi.org/10.1111/anae.70125

The unrest poses the most serious challenge to  since 2022. That year, nationwide protests erupted over the death of 22-year-old  in police custody after she was arrested for violating hijab rules. Those  were ultimately suppressed through force.

Iran鈥檚 political establishment has for decades defined itself through permanent confrontation on multiple fronts: with , the  and what it sees as global imperialism. This posture has reshaped domestic life by subordinating the economy, governance and social stability to ideological resistance.

What the latest protests reveal is not simply frustration with the hardship that has accompanied this political stance. They seem to reflect a growing consensus among Iranians that this order  into something functional and must therefore be replaced.

This has been apparent in the language used by the protesters. Many demonstrators have linked their daily hardships to the regime鈥檚 foreign policy priorities, expressed perhaps most clearly  that has echoed through the streets of various Iranian cities in recent days: 鈥淣ot Gaza, not Lebanon, I sacrifice my life for Iran.鈥�

The slogan is a rejection of the regime鈥檚 official stance that sacrifice at home is necessary to fulfil ideological goals of 鈥渞esistance鈥� abroad. Iran has long pursued a policy of supporting militant groups like Hamas and Hezbollah to counter the influence of the US and Israel in the Middle East.

Chants of  鈥� a reference to Iran鈥檚 ageing supreme leader, Ayatollah Ali Khamenei 鈥� are yet more evidence of the broad rejection of the political order among the Iranian population. They signal that many Iranians now view their economic survival as inseparable from fundamental political change.

The protests have spread across wide sections of Iranian society. What began as strikes by bazaar merchants and shopkeepers in Iran鈥檚 capital, Tehran, quickly drew in students, professionals and business owners elsewhere in the country. Protests have  in Qom and Mashhad, cities whose populations have traditionally been loyal to the state.

The state鈥檚 initial response to the protests was muted. The government recognised the protests and  to the 鈥渓egitimate demands鈥� of the demonstrators. However, despite a warning from US president Donald Trump of US intervention should security forces 鈥渒ill peaceful protesters鈥�, at least 36 people have . Over 2,000 more people have been detained.

Donald Trump posts on his Truth Social media platform in response to the protests in Iran. 

Post-war paralysis

The protests come six months after Iran鈥檚 brief but destabilising war with Israel. This conflict severely strained the state鈥檚 capacity to govern, with Khamenei largely withdrawing from public view since then due to heightened fears over his safety. Major decisions in Iran require Khamenei鈥檚 approval, so his absence has slowed decision-making across the system.

The effects of this have been felt nationwide. Universities and schools have been hampered by repeated closures, shortened schedules and the sudden suspension of in-person classes. Transport networks have faced repeated disruption and economic planning has become nearly impossible.

Prices are . The official annual inflation rate stands at around 42%, with food inflation exceeding 70%. The prices of some basic goods have reportedly risen by more than 110% compared with a year ago, and are  further in the coming weeks.

Iran鈥檚 authorities have also intermittently suspended routine daily and weekly activities since the end of the war, such as school days, public office hours, transport services and commercial operations. They , pollution or security concerns as the reasons for doing so.

Underlying these disruptions is a governing system braced for the possibility of renewed war, either with Israel or possibly the US. The regime is operating in a prolonged state of emergency, which has pushed Iranian society itself deeper into crisis.

Iran鈥檚 governing paralysis has been strained further by intensifying competition within the ruling elite. The war with Israel led to the deaths of several senior Iranian military and security figures, which has created gaps in networks of power.

With authority fragmented, rival political, military and security factions have sought to position themselves for influence in a post-Khamenei order. Networks associated with figures such as former president Hassan Rouhani, former foreign minister Javad Zarif and current president Masoud Pezeshkian are pursuing negotiations with western powers to address Iran鈥檚 foreign policy challenges.

But others appear to be engaging in talks aimed at securing backing from ideological allies such as Russia and China. These include people in security and intelligence circles, along with figures ideologically aligned with Khamenei like his second-eldest son Mojtaba, current speaker of parliament Mohammad-Bagher Ghalibaf and conservative clerics such as .

These rival strategies have not produced coherent governance. Instead, they have reinforced perceptions among the Iranian public that the system is preoccupied with survival rather than addressing everyday breakdowns in basic administration, public services and economic coordination.

Iran stands at a crossroads. One path leads toward deeper militarisation, elite infighting and prolonged paralysis. The other points towards a reckoning with a political order that large segments of Iranian society no longer believe can deliver stability or welfare.

The protests suggest that the central question for many Iranians is no longer whether the system can be repaired, but whether continuing to live under it is viable at all. What is clear is that Iran is at a critical political moment, with significant changes likely to unfold in the weeks and months ahead.

, Research Fellow at the Global Development Institute
This article is republished from under a Creative Commons license. Read the .

 The analysis 鈥� featured in the journal Clinical and translational medicine  鈥� revealed molecular signals that in one case prompted re-examination of archived fallopian tube tissue and led to the retrospective identification of a pre-invasive or very early cancerous lesion. 

鈥淭his is important as it is now known most ovarian cancers don鈥檛 start in the ovary itself. Instead, they start from pre-cancer lesions which develop in the fallopian tube before spreading to the ovary and beyond,鈥� said Dr Christine Schmidt, Senior Lecturer at The University of 野狼社区鈥檚 Division of Cancer Sciences. 

The findings from the  study could in the longer term  form the basis for future approaches aimed at informing ovarian cancer risk assessment and  contributinge to less invasive interventions for some high-risk women. 

Surgery to remove the tubes and ovaries is often currently used to reduce risk for high-risk women. 

However, the study raises the prospect of delaying  risk-reducing surgery for some women, preserving their fertility. 

This could be particularly beneficial for the women in the UK who are at high genetic risk of ovarian cancer because they carry a BRCA1 or BRCA2 gene mutation.

Though uncommon in women with an average risk, existing shows that roughly half to three-quarters of women with a high genetic risk of ovarian cancer currently choose surgical removal of the ovaries.

Despite evidence suggesting a prolonged window between pre-cancer lesions inside the fallopian tube and more serious cancer in the ovaries and other tissues, there are currently no clinical tests available to help detect these early pre-cancer changes without invasive surgery.

However, the team in 野狼社区 have shown that fluid washed through the inside of the fallopian tube could be used to test for broad patterns of molecular changes associated with early tumour development using a technique known as proteomic analysis.

The researchers used the approach in an exploratory study of the fallopian tubes of 27 women who had had them surgically removed.

The women were divided into different groups. The first group were either high-risk BRCA1 and BRCA2 gene mutation carriers or they had an abnormal ovarian growth. A second group had other gynaecological conditions unrelated to ovarian cancer.

The researchers took the samples from the soft, frilly, finger-like edge at the open end of the tube next to the ovary known as the fimbriae.

They were able to detect different patterns of proteins in the washes from high-risk fallopian tubes and tubes associated with ovarian cancer compared to normal.

Some of these proteins overlap with previously proposed biomarkers for advanced disease stages and some may form the basis for future exploratory studies to identify potential targets for ovarian cancer prevention.

Dr Schmidt added: 鈥淲hile further exploration and validation in larger cohorts is needed, our findings point to a promising direction for less invasive ovarian cancer risk management strategies that could 鈥� in the longer term 鈥�  help reduce reliance on invasive prophylactic surgeries while preserving fertility in some high-risk women.鈥�

鈥淲e look forward to taking this novel approach forwards and hope that one day the findings can contribute to the development of an approach that cmight eventuallyan be used in the clinic.鈥�

• The study was funded by the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC) and the International Alliance for Cancer Early Detection (ACED) programme.
• The  paper, Fallopian tube lavage sampling towards early detection of pre-invasive ovarian cancer, is available

May



May saw the launch of a major new partnership with the Bank of England which will see existing teachers offered free training to deliver A Level economics alongside their core subject. The three-year programme, which will be piloted in the North West before eventually being rolled out across the UK, aims to make the subject more accessible to students from a wider range of backgrounds.

Also in May, the Government announced changes to the Winter Fuel Payment after being presented with research from The University of 野狼社区 which found that their plans were going to leave many more older people in poverty, putting their health and wellbeing at risk. The month also saw 野狼社区 being officially recognised as one of the UK鈥檚 new Policing Academic Centres of Excellence (PACE), as part of a national initiative to embed world-class research into frontline policing and community safety.

June



June brought two major archaeology stories - firstly, experts from 野狼社区 played a leading role in the rediscovery of the ancient city of Imet in Egypt鈥檚 eastern Nile Delta, uncovering multi-storey dwellings, granaries and a ceremonial road tied to the worship of the cobra goddess Wadjet. This story received widespread coverage. The month brought news of a new project to explore the discovery of Wales鈥� first complete ancient chariot.

The same month also saw the launch of two reports into children's mental health - one found that while teens from disadvantaged neighbourhoods do face lower life satisfaction, they don't actually face more emotional problems. The other found that physical activity is critical for children's happiness.

July



July brought the extremely sad news that Lord David Alliance CBE had passed away. Lord Alliance鈥檚 belief in the power of philanthropy, education and research to drive positive change inspired generations of students, staff, alumni and partners. The renaming of 野狼社区 Business School to Alliance 野狼社区 Business School in 2015 stands as a testament to Lord Alliance鈥檚 transformative impact and support for The University of 野狼社区 and its students over many years.

The month also saw Alliance 野狼社区 Business School's Professor Timothy Michael Devinney being elected as a Fellow of the British Academy, the UK鈥檚 leading national body for the humanities and social sciences.

Also during this month, several Humanities academics were leading policy conversations about major issues - including Professor Jamie Woodward who spoke at Westminster about the impact of microplastic pollution on our environment, and Professor Pamela Qualter who co-authored a World Health Organization (WHO) report calling for urgent action to tackle loneliness and social disconnection around the world.

August



During August, an historian from The University of 野狼社区 was named as one of six authors shortlisted for the 2025 Royal Society Trivedi Science Book Prize, which celebrates the best popular science writing from across the globe. Vanished: An Unnatural History of Extinction by Professor Sadiah Qureshi was named as one of the finalists at the Edinburgh International Book Festival.

Two leading criminologists from The University of 野狼社区 also joined a groundbreaking national research project designed to tackle fraud in the NHS, which costs the UK taxpayer an estimated 拢1.3 billion each year. 

There was also media interest in a study which found that a single sheet of 1,100-year-old parchment may have been used to heal a dangerous royal rift in Ancient England.

September



The start of the new academic year was marked by the appointment of three academics from The University of 野狼社区 as Fellows of the Academy of Social Sciences. Professor Liz Richardson, Professor David Richards and Professor Anupam Nanda were named in recognition of their excellence and impact, and their advancement of social sciences for the public good. 

The month also saw The University of 野狼社区 being appointed as the UN's Academic Impact Vice-Chair for SDG10 research, meaning the University will play an essential role in advancing the implementation of the UN's 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development.

Some major research was also launched in August which found that 鈥�Levelling Up鈥� left many southern areas behind, a mentoring programme was giving a big mental health boost to LGBTQIA+ teens, and cities needing to do more to support older people who want to stay in their own homes as they age.

October



October saw three major pieces of research into schools - studies were published into school isolation rooms damaging pupil wellbeing, a third of new teachers quitting within five years of qualifying and the discovery of a significant and lasting link between the subjects young people study in school and their political preferences. 

Also during October, a study was launched by Dr Louise Thompson which found that outdated rules in the House of Commons shut smaller parties out of key decisions, leaving millions of voters effectively unheard. This led to several of those parties - including the SNP, Plaid Cymru and Reform - raising the issue, as well as media coverage across the UK. 

November



The University鈥檚 Professor Hilary Pilkington was one of the authors of the final report of the Independent Commission on Counter-Terrorism Law, Policy and Practice,  which in November called for a comprehensive overhaul of the UK's counter-terrorism policies. This received widespread media coverage across the country.

The University also launched new research as part of the N8 Child of the North campaign in November, which found that the post-Covid school attendance crisis is hitting disadvantaged children hardest - the story led to regional and national media coverage.

The month also saw studies into Buddhism in mental health care, stronger communities being linked to better health, and the rise of 鈥�authoritarian peacemaking鈥� and its implications for Ukraine. 

December



The final month of the year saw the launch of a major new collaboration with the University of Oxford which will bring together an expert team of textual scholars, book historians, computer scientists, library data experts and research software engineers to explore whether computers 鈥榮ee鈥� books and prints the same way as people do, and asks whether the AI algorithm can be made to see in the same way as humans. 

A major global study led by Dr Francesco Rampazzo also found that younger generations around the world are embracing a more diverse and fluid understanding of sexual identity than ever before. The research - which analysed data from over 900,000 users of the queer women鈥檚 and nonbinary dating app Zoe - offered one of the first truly global pictures of how people identify their sexuality in 122 countries, from the UK and the US to Brazil, South Africa and Taiwan.

These stories reflect the Faculty's commitment to addressing global challenges through its research, education and social responsibility.

The study was conducted by researchers from The University of 野狼社区, Northern Illinois University and the Zoe App, and is part of ongoing efforts to build a more global understanding of LGBTQ+ identities.

Led and funded by researchers at The University of 野狼社区 and the National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Applied Research Collaboration Greater 野狼社区 (ARC-GM), and NIHR 野狼社区 Biomedical Research Centre (BRC). The papers, published in The British Journal of Psychiatry, examined adults and young people who accessed the Greater 野狼社区 Resilience Hub, which was established to coordinate psychological support following the attack.

The attack on 22nd May 2017 killed 22 people and around 19,500 people were present at the Arena, including concert-goers, staff, parents and emergency responders.

Adult study: timely help seeking is linked to lower levels of mental distress

The first paper analysed data from 2,627 adults who registered with the Resilience Hub during the three years after the attack. Researchers examined screening results for symptoms of trauma, depression, anxiety and problems with social or work functioning. Participants were grouped according to when they first registered鈥攆rom three months to more than three years after the attack鈥攁nd followed over time.

Those who sought help earlier were less symptomatic when they first contacted the Hub. People who waited longer to register tended to have higher levels of distress, depression and anxiety, but all groups showed improvement in mental health over time. Later registrants improved at a slightly faster rate once they engaged with support.

The analysis also showed that individuals who had more contact time with Hub staff, through assessments, therapy sessions or group workshops, tended to experience greater reductions in depression and anxiety scores.

Researchers concluded that early and sustained engagement with mental health support services can be beneficial after a traumatic event. They also found that even those who delayed seeking help experienced improvement once they accessed care.

Dr Louise Hussey, lead author and Research Fellow at the  University of 野狼社区 said:

鈥淭hese papers explore how the Resilience Hub supported people affected by the 2017 traumatic event. They add to existing evidence showing the benefits of providing timely mental health support after major incidents. The research also offers valuable insight into how the Hub was developed as a rapid and ongoing response to urgent needs. This work is helping to inform future service planning and provision, with the aim of improving outcomes for those affected by similar events.鈥� 

Sister paper: impact on children and adolescents

A companion study, 鈥淗as mental health changed in children and adolescents registered with a dedicated support service responding to the 野狼社区 Arena attack: 3-year follow-up,鈥� examined similar data from younger registrants of the Hub. It explored how symptoms changed over time among children and adolescents affected by the attack, including those present at the Arena and those indirectly affected through family members. Researchers also looked at some of the children and adolescence mental health screening scores in relation to those provided by their parents/guardians. Parents/guardians with a higher level of mental distress were observed to assign higher anxiety scores to their child or adolescent in relation to the score reported by the young person themselves. This showed that parental wellbeing was associated with child鈥檚 mental distress indicating shared family trauma should be considered when planning care.

Together, the two studies provide a detailed picture of the psychological impact of the 野狼社区 Arena attack and the long-term value of proactive, coordinated mental health support.

Wider lessons

The authors note that the findings reinforce the importance of early outreach and accessible psychological services following mass trauma events. We recommend that future emergency response planning should include systems for early identification, regular follow-up and data collection to support ongoing evaluation.

Read more about the project here:

Read both papers in full via the links below;

Anyone impacted by the 野狼社区 Arena attack can still contact the Greater 野狼社区 Resilience Hub on 0333 009 5071 or email gm.help@nhs.net. The Hub provides a range of specialist, psychological support services to help people affected by trauma; including supporting anyone living in Greater 野狼社区 affected by the 野狼社区 synagogue attack in October 2025.

An international collaboration of scientists, including from The University of 野狼社区, working on the experiment at the U.S. Department of Energy鈥檚 Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory announced that they have found no evidence for a fourth type of neutrino, known as a sterile neutrino.

For decades, physics experiments have observed neutrinos - sub-atomic particles that are all around us - behaving in a way that doesn鈥檛 fit . One of the most promising explanations was the existence of a sterile neutrino, named because they are predicted not to interact with matter at all, whereas other neutrinos can. This means they could pass through the Universe almost undetected.

Using a highly sensitive detector called MicroBooNE, sitting on two different neutrino beams, the researchers observed how thousands of neutrinos behaved over several years. If the fourth neutrinos existed, it would have left a clear fingerprint. The result, published today in the journal , shows there was no evidence and rules out a single sterile neutrino explanation with 95% certainty.

Professor of Particle Physics at The University of 野狼社区 and co-spokesperson for MicroBooNE, said: 鈥淎ny time you rule out one place where physics beyond the Standard Model could be, that makes you look in other places. This is a result that is going to really spur a creative push in the neutrino physics community to come up with yet more exciting ways of looking for new physics. Sometimes, science is just as much about what you don鈥檛 find as what you do."

The University of 野狼社区 played a leading role in the breakthrough. Dr Elena Gramellini was the driving force behind the experiment鈥檚 physics programme using the NuMI beam - a crucial part of the analysis behind this result. Professor Roxanne Guenette was one of the originators of MicroBooNE鈥檚 short-baseline oscillation programme, helping to shape the strategy used to investigate the sterile-neutrino question. The new paper builds directly on that foundational work.

Neutrinos come in three known types, or flavours: muon, electron and tau. They can change from one type to another as they travel. But this flavour-flipping cannot fully be explained by the current Standard Model.

Some earlier experiments - -  also made observations suggesting that muon neutrinos were oscillating into electron neutrinos over shorter distances than should be possible.

鈥淭hey saw flavour change on a length scale that is just not consistent with there only being three neutrinos,鈥� explained , 鈥淎nd the most popular explanation over the past 30 years to explain the anomaly is that there鈥檚 a sterile neutrino.鈥�

The experiment collected data from 2015 to 2021, observing neutrinos from Fermilab鈥檚 Booster Neutrino Beam and the NuMI beam. MicroBooNE is the first experiment that has done a sterile neutrino search with one detector and two beams simultaneously. This reduces the uncertainties in MicroBooNE鈥檚 result, making it possible to exclude nearly the entire favoured region in which a single sterile neutrino could be hiding. 

Although this result rules out one explanation for anomalies seen in neutrino behaviour, the mystery itself remains. Scientists are now analysing the remaining MicroBooNE data and other experiments in the Short-Baseline Neutrino Program are also on the case.

In addition to the search for new physics, the MicroBooNE collaboration is providing insight into how neutrinos interact in liquid argon, an important metric that will benefit other liquid-argon time projection chamber experiments such as the .

Matthew Toups, Fermilab senior scientist and co-spokesperson for MicroBooNE, said: 鈥淚t鈥檚 really exciting to be doing both cutting-edge science that has a major impact on our field as well as developing novel techniques that will support and enable future scientific measurements.鈥�

This research has been published in the journal

Full title: Search for light sterile neutrinos with two neutrino beams at MicroBooNE

DOI: 10.1038/s41586-025-09757-7

URL:

The University of 野狼社区 is globally renowned for its pioneering research, outstanding teaching and learning, and commitment to social responsibility. We are a truly international university 鈥� ranking in the top 50 in a range of global rankings 鈥� with a diverse community of more than 44,300 students, 12,800 colleagues and 585,000 alumni.  Sign up for our e-news to hear first-hand about our international partnerships and activities across the globe. 

Ultimately, the project concludes that tackling conspiracy theories requires more than closing individual online channels. Efforts must address the structural political and social conditions that allow conspiracist narratives to flourish, as well as the business models that incentivise sensational content. The researchers urge a move away from simply asking why the public lacks trust, towards making institutions genuinely worthy of trust.

The University of 野狼社区 is globally renowned for its pioneering research, outstanding teaching and learning, and commitment to social responsibility. We are a truly international university 鈥� ranking in the top 50 in a range of global rankings 鈥� with a diverse community of more than 44,300 students, 12,800 colleagues and 585,000 alumni.  Sign up for our e-news to hear first-hand about our international partnerships and activities across the globe. 

The research offers a pointed reminder that, in an era where symbolic gestures from global sporting bodies can carry enormous political weight, understanding the mechanics of narrative formation is essential. Debates around sport, reputation and political power are set to continue - and this work provides a crucial framework for interpreting them.

The researchers say progress on attendance since the pandemic has been slow - and for some children, things are getting worse. They鈥檙e calling for a joined-up approach that brings together schools, families and community services. This could include:

- Family Hubs which offer early help, advice and activities to support school readiness
- More flexible routes through education, like apprenticeships and internships
- Enrichment activities, mental health and careers support to support pupil鈥檚 broader engagement with learning
- Stronger relationships between teachers, pupils and parents
- Involving young people in decisions to increase their sense of belonging and safety

鈥淓very missed day of school means a missed opportunity,鈥� said Baroness Anne Longfield, founder of the Centre for Young Lives. 鈥淭his research shines a light on the urgent need to fix attendance and make sure every child gets the education they deserve.鈥�

The Child of the North campaign is a partnership between the N8 Research Partnership and Health Equity North which brings together universities across the North of England - including 野狼社区, Leeds, Durham, York, Lancaster, Liverpool, Sheffield and Newcastle - to push for fairer futures for children across the North of England.

鈥淚f we want to give every child a fair start in life, we need to fix attendance - and that means fixing the barriers that stop children from feeling they belong in school,鈥� said Professor Mark Mon-Williams, who leads the campaign.

In February this year, Oliver (Ollie) Chu, was treated for Hunter syndrome in a clinical study being delivered at Royal 野狼社区 Children鈥檚 Hospital (RMCH) in collaboration with the 野狼社区 Centre for Genomic Medicine at Saint Mary鈥檚 Hospital 鈥� both part of 野狼社区 University NHS Foundation Trust (MFT) The trial is managed and sponsored by the University of 野狼社区.

Children with Hunter syndrome, a rare, inherited condition also known as mucopolysaccharidosis type II (MPS II), have an error in a gene, meaning they cannot produce an important enzyme that breaks down complex sugar molecules. Over time these sugars build up in organs and tissues, leading to joint stiffness, hearing loss, breathing and heart problems, developmental delays and cognitive decline, resembling childhood dementia. Hunter syndrome can be life-threatening, with life expectancy typically between 10 and 20 years. Currently the only licensed drug that can help to improve life for children with Hunter syndrome is Elaprase 鈥� a weekly enzyme replacement therapy that takes approximately three hours, that children must take for their whole life. Approximately 50 patients in the UK receive Elaprase, which costs around 拢375,000 a year per patient. The drug can reduce mobility and organ problems but cannot improve mental decline.

Now, several months on from the procedure, Ollie has fully recovered from the transplant, and his parents and the 野狼社区 researchers are excited by his progress.

The clinical study at RMCH is investigating a one-off gene therapy which involves removing the child鈥檚 stem cells, replacing the faulty gene and re-injecting the modified cells into the patient. These stem cells can produce high levels of the missing enzyme and also reach the brain.

Professor Rob Wynn, Consultant Paediatric Haematologist and Director of Paediatric Bone Marrow Transplant Programme at RMCH and joint clinical lead, said: 鈥溾�淔or many years we have performed bone marrow transplant for children with Hunter Syndrome and similar illnesses. However, these are difficult procedures that can only deliver as much enzyme as the donor鈥檚 blood naturally has.

鈥淕ene therapy is not only safer and more effective, but it enables us to use the child鈥檚 own cells which cuts out the need to find a donor, and means we can produce more enzyme for the patient.

鈥淭he principles of using gene therapy of blood cells to treat patients with this disease can be applied to many other conditions which offers exciting prospects for patients and healthcare professionals. Our medicine is becoming safer, and better, and that can only be a good thing!鈥�

Professor Simon Jones Consultant in Paediatric Inherited Metabolic Disease at the 野狼社区 Centre for Genomic Medicine at Saint Mary鈥檚 Hospital,  joint study lead, said: 鈥淪ince having the gene therapy Ollie is no longer having weekly Elaprase infusions, but instead of seeing levels of the previously missing enzyme dropping we are seeing very high levels in his blood, and this is an extremely encouraging sign that the treatment is working.

Professor Jones, who is also a Medical Director of the National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) 野狼社区 Clinical Research Facility (CRF) at RMCH, added: 鈥淚 have worked in researching treatments for children with rare genetic diseases for over twenty years and I have sadly seen many children lose their lives to these devastating conditions. This is a truly exciting development which could lead the way for treating similar genetic conditions and bring hope to other families.鈥�

Ollie Chu is the first of five young children with Hunter syndrome to participate in this study. The research is jointly funded by the University of 野狼社区 and by LifeArc, a self-funded, not-for-profit medical research organisation, and developed by researchers at MFT and The University of 野狼社区, working in partnership with the University of Edinburgh and Great Ormond Street Hospital (GOSH), where patients鈥� cells are taken to be modified with the missing gene in their specialist laboratories.

Ollie鈥檚 story

Ollie was diagnosed with Hunter Syndrome after five-year-old brother, Skyler, was found to have the condition.

Ollie, who lives in California with mum Jingru, dad Ricky, and Skyler travelled to the UK to be part of the research, after tests showed he was still in the early stages of the condition.

Ricky said: 鈥淎lthough it was a big commitment to travel to the UK, of course we want the best for our children, so when this opportunity came up in 野狼社区, we discussed it as a family. Due to Skyler鈥檚 age, he was not eligible to take part in the 野狼社区 trial and is taking part in a different study in the United States. That has meant splitting up the family, but it was something we were willing to do for Ollie to have the opportunity to be in this trial.

鈥淭here are very few times where your child can have a reset on life so if you can give them that chance, then it鈥檚 just something you do.

鈥淥llie is doing great since having the gene therapy. We have seen dramatic improvements, and he continues to grow physically and cognitively. Our hope for Ollie because of this treatment is that he will continue to make his own enzymes and live a normal life without infusions.

鈥淲e鈥檙e excited for Ollie鈥檚 future. Seeing the difference for Ollie pre-and post-transplant has made us believers.

鈥淲e will be forever grateful to the entire research team for allowing us to be part of this research. I鈥檝e been a huge advocate of this trial. The medical team is very transparent and provides all the information that they can.

"We think it鈥檚 wonderful that there is research being done on rare conditions. Our priority is our children but knowing that this could result in helping other children around the world is very meaningful for us. We hope that one day, a treatment becomes available for all children at all stages of Hunter syndrome.鈥�

Brian Bigger, Honorary Professor at The University of 野狼社区, academic lead said: 鈥淭his therapy was developed over the course of 10 years at the University 野狼社区 and seeing this now tested in patients by the clinical team at MFT has been incredibly rewarding.鈥�

鈥淲e developed an improved method of stem cell gene therapy which adds a short tag to the missing enzyme, allowing it to cross the blood-brain-barrier and improve the amount of enzyme delivered to the brain. This helps break down complex sugars that build up in the brain and aims to prevent the devastating dementia-like decline seen in children with severe Hunter disease. Parents have told us that this symptom is the most important factor to improve quality of life for their family.鈥�

• Philanthropic support from individual donors and not-for-profit medical research organisations such as , has been essential in driving this progress forward. Philanthropy helps to bridge critical funding gaps and translate breakthrough science into life-changing therapies. To learn more about the University's fundraising for research, visit: Challenge Accepted.

Beyond advancing ecological science, the research could provide vital tools for tracking soil carbon storage, monitoring land degradation, and supporting sustainable land management in the face of climate change. 

鈥淭his research opens up a powerful new window into Earth鈥檚 hidden biodiversity, providing a way to map and monitor soil biodiversity at large scales in a cost-effective way,鈥� said Professor Bardgett.

A report released today (November 20, 2025) by Health Equity North (HEN) reveals that the relationship between health and productivity has become stronger over the last seven years, placing a huge financial burden on the economy and stagnating possible productivity growth.

The scale of the health-related economic inactivity crisis is greater in the North of England, with workers more likely to lose their job due to ill health, and those without educational qualifications facing a ninefold higher risk of losing their job if they become ill.

鈥楬ealth for Wealth 2025: Building a Healthier North to boost UK Productivity鈥� revisits the issues exposed in the landmark 2018 Health for Wealth report and explores how the landscape has changed over the last seven years.

It shows that regional inequalities in health, wages and economic inactivity have deepened since the 2018 report 鈥� a trend that began even before the COVID pandemic. This sharp rise in economic inactivity due to ill health, now at a record high, underscores the urgent need to put health at the heart of any strategy for sustainable economic growth.  However, there are some 鈥榞ood news stories鈥� in the North, with productivity growth strong in areas such as Greater 野狼社区, Cumbria and parts of Yorkshire over the past few years.

In 2018, the Northern Health Science Alliance鈥檚 highlighted the link between the North鈥檚 poor health and poor productivity for the first time, and revealed that tackling health inequalities between the North and the South could generate an additional 拢13.2bn per year. Today鈥檚 analysis show that this figure has risen to 拢18.4bn per year.

Findings also show that improving physical and mental health through a variety of policy changes, proactive health programmes and empowering local authorities, could deliver transformative economic benefits - particularly in regions such as the North East, where improving population mental health alone could add 拢6.6bn to the economy.

The report, authored by HEN academics from Newcastle University, The University of 野狼社区, Lancaster University and Teesside University, shows that:

• If the health of the North was matched to the rest of the country, it could generate an additional 拢18.4bn a year - a 13% increase in economic gains found in the previous Health for Wealth report published in 2018 when accounting for inflation.
• People living in the North are two times more likely to lose their job following a spell of ill-health than those in the rest of England.
• In the North, workers with no educational qualifications are nine times less likely to remain employed following a spell of ill health compared with those with at least an A-level qualification, whereas in the rest of England, there is no statistically significant relationship between worsening health and remaining employed by educational attainment.
• 拢6.6bn could be added to the economy if mental health was improved in the North East.
• Workers in the North who experience ill-health suffer monthly pay losses that are nearly triple the national average 鈥� equal to 6.6% vs. 2.3% national average.
• Since 2018, all three northern regions have experienced, on average, more than double rises in economic inactivity due to ill health compared with London - rising by 22% vs. 10% respectively.
• Amongst people with long-term health conditions, the gap in economic inactivity between the North and rest of England has nearly quadrupled since the start of the COVID pandemic 鈥� increasing from a 1.1 percentage point difference to 4.2 percentage points (47% to 51.2%).
• The regional economic divide between the North and the South has increased since 2018, with gaps in total economic inactivity growing by 8% and in wages by 5%.
• The relative gap in productivity (as measured by GVA per head) has decreased by 2%, owing to the relatively greater increases in the North, particularly since the pandemic. However, the gap remains large, with 26% lower productivity in the North than in the rest of England in 2023. In particular, Greater 野狼社区 and some parts of Yorkshire experienced the highest increases in productivity growth over the past two decades, with accelerated improvements since the pandemic. However, other parts of the North 鈥� including the majority of the North East 鈥� are continuing to be left-behind.
• The new report suggests that unless decisive action is taken, the North-South health and productivity divide will continue to widen, limiting the UK鈥檚 ability to deliver inclusive, sustainable growth.

Additional findings include:

Wages and GVA

• Overall, between 2013 and 2022, the average gap in GVA per head was approximately 30% lower in the North (拢22,710 vs 拢29,379) 鈥� 36% of the gap can be attributed to the poor health in the North.
• Since 2013, the gap in economic inactivity increased by 8% (from 3.8 to 4.1 percentage points) and the gap in wages rose by 5% (from 拢54 to 拢57). The relative gap in productivity has decreased by 2%, with the Northern regions experiencing faster productivity growth by 1% since the pandemic.

Economic inactivity

• Since 2019, economic inactivity rates have been rising ten times faster than the growth of the working-age population. Economic inactivity due to ill-health is now at its highest levels, with poor mental health and musculoskeletal problems being the main cited reasons.
• Economically inactive people in the North are more likely to have mental health problems, to be younger and to live in larger families and more likely to be private renters.
• The economic inactivity rates due to ill-health in North East are more than double compared with the rates in South East (9.5% vs. 4.5%), with the remaining southern regions having similarly low rates around 5%. The North East has the highest rates of economically inactive women at 9.7% and 9.4% for men - compared to 5% and 3.9% respectively in the South East.

Mortality and morbidity

• Between 2013 and 2022, rates of mortality were 16% higher in the North than in the rest of England, with the rates of morbidity being 45% higher.
• Since 2013, the gap in morbidity between the North and the rest of England has increased by 62%, with the gap in mortality rising by 15%.

Health and productivity

• In the North East, potential economic gains from improving population mental health amount to 拢6.6bn in terms of productivity and household prosperity.
• To reduce the employment gap between the northern regions and the rest of England by 10%, population self-rated health problems in the North need to be reduced by 4.4%.
• The report urges government and business leaders to make health a central component of the UK鈥檚 productivity and growth strategy.

The recommendations call for targeted investment in mental health services, preventative programmes, and public health funding across the North of England, alongside reforms to benefits and employment support that promote health and economic participation. Authors also advocate for regionally driven strategies with embedded health targets to tackle inequalities and ensure place-based solutions align with national goals.

Lead report author Dr Julija Simpson, Research Associate at Newcastle University, said: 鈥淪ince the last Health for Wealth report in 2018, the health divide between the North and the rest of England has not only persisted but deepened. This growing inequality is not inevitable, nor is it the fault of individuals 鈥� it鈥檚 the result of policy choices. Addressing this gap must be central to the government鈥檚 growth and wealth agendas.

鈥淗ealth and economic performance are deeply intertwined: when communities are healthier, they are more productive, more resilient, and better able to contribute to long-term prosperity. Health policy is economic policy 鈥� and investing in the health of people in the North is one of the most effective ways to unlock the country鈥檚 full economic potential.鈥�

Professor Clare Bambra, Academic Co-director of Health Equity North and Professor of Public Health at Newcastle University, said: 鈥�

鈥淲hile many welfare and employment reforms are designed to reduce long-term benefit dependency and encourage people back into the workforce, these efforts will not work unless they are supported by sustained investment in public health, health care and mental health services. Without addressing the root causes of ill health in the North, we risk pushing people into situations of poverty - worsening their wellbeing and limiting their capacity to work 鈥� all while our economy continues to take the hit.

鈥淭o genuinely improve economic participation, we need to ensure that people are not only healthy enough to be able to work, but and also healthy enough to thrive in employment. The link between good health and a strong economy is undeniable 鈥� and policy must reflect that reality.鈥�

Dr Luke Munford, Academic Co-director of Health Equity North and Senior Lecturer in Health Economics, The University of 野狼社区, said: 鈥淚nvesting in public health delivers extraordinary value for money. For every 拢1 spent, society can expect to see a return of around 拢14 in broader health and socio-economic benefits. That means every pound we invest in preventing illness, improving mental health, and tackling health inequalities pays dividends in higher productivity, stronger local economies, and reduced strain on the NHS.

鈥淭he evidence is clear: the government鈥檚 approach to health should not be seen as a cost, but an investment. By prioritising prevention and supporting healthier communities, we create the conditions for long-term economic growth and prosperity across the North and the nation as a whole.

鈥淭here are things we can learn from Greater 野狼社区. Since devolution of health and social care, we have seen improvements in life expectancy, and this is now beginning to track through to increases in productivity and economic growth.鈥�

Hannah Davies, Executive Director at Health Equity North, said: 鈥淭here is a great deal of work being done across local government, central government, and the third sector to tackle the North鈥檚 health and productivity challenges 鈥� but the scale of the problem means there is still so much more to do.

鈥淥ur new analysis makes it clear that health investment is not just a social or moral priority, but an economic necessity. Poor physical and mental health are holding back the potential of millions of people and, in turn, the productivity of the entire UK. If we want a stronger economy, we must start by building a healthier nation. Prioritising mental health, prevention, and place-based support in the North will deliver lasting returns in prosperity and wellbeing.鈥�

The report, Health for Wealth 2025: Building a Healthier North to boost UK Productivity, is available

Previous research has found the risks of serious conditions like diabetes, renal and liver failure, fractures, and premature death, are particularly raised within the first 12 months of being diagnosed with an eating disorder. 

But new findings, published in the journal ,  highlight that these elevated risks can persist for years, even after the person is thought to have recovered from their eating disorder, with the researchers saying that timely interventions from multiple different health services are needed to improve patient outcomes.

The research team, led by Dr Cathy Morgan from 野狼社区 with input from Professor Carolyn Chew-Graham OBE from Keele, were funded by the National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Greater 野狼社区 Patient Safety Research Collaboration (GM PSRC).

Using the the researchers studied anonymised electronic health records spanning from 1998 to 2018, linked to Hospital Episode Statistics data, and linked death records across England.

Their data covered over 24,000 patients with a diagnosed eating disorder which were each matched for age, sex, and GP practice, with up to 20 others who had not been diagnosed with an eating disorder (493,001 in total). They then tracked the patients鈥� mental and physical health over 10 years using the data to learn more about their health following initial diagnosis.

Their analysis showed that patients diagnosed with eating disorders were at a much higher risk of poor physical and mental health, and premature death. The greatest risks were within a year of diagnosis, but the researchers found that these risks persisted for years afterwards.

People with eating disorders were six times more likely to develop renal failure and nearly seven times more likely to develop liver disease within the first year of being diagnosed, as well as being at significantly heightened risks of osteoporosis, heart failure, and diabetes.

The risks of poor mental health were also higher within the first 12 months of diagnosis, with rates of depression and self harm being significantly higher during this period, with these heightened risks persisting after five years, albeit lowered.

The risk of death from any cause was also higher within the first 12 months and once again, these risks persisted for up to 10 years afterwards, although at a lower rate.

Dr Cathy Morgan from the University of 野狼社区, said: 鈥淭his study highlights the substantial long-term effects of eating disorders. Raising awareness among healthcare providers about the lasting effects of eating disorders and the need for ongoing support in managing current symptoms and recovery is essential.鈥� 

Professor Carolyn Chew-Graham OBE from Keele University, added: 鈥淚ntegration is needed across primary and specialist care 鈥� both mental and physical health services including nephrology, cardiology, and endocrinology. This is particularly important at the time of diagnosis of an eating disorder and whilst a person is under specialist mental health services.

鈥淥ur work highlights that monitoring a person鈥檚 health is vital even when management of the eating disorder has been completed and the person is thought to have recovered. This monitoring should take place in primary care (general practice) 鈥� so we highlight the need for education and training of primary care clinicians, but also the need for this work to be commissioned in primary care going forwards.鈥�

• Adverse outcomes in patients with a diagnosis of an eating disorder: primary care cohort study with linked secondary care and mortality records is published in BMJ Medicine and is available .  doi:10.1136/ bmjmed-2025-001438

With an overall score of 98 out of 100, 野狼社区 is now 10^th globally and 5^th in the UK in recognition of its ability to tackle the world鈥檚 greatest environmental, social and governance (ESG) challenges - a shift from 9^th and 4^th respectively last year.

The University remains the only university in the world to feature in the top 10 of both the QS Sustainability Rankings and the Times Higher Education (THE) Impact Rankings.

Now in the fourth year, this year鈥檚 QS assessment is its most comprehensive yet, evaluating 2,002 universities, compared with 1,745 in 2024. It assesses Universities鈥� commitment to sustainability, evaluating them on everything from the impact that alumni are making in science and technology to solve climate issues, to the impact of research being done across the UN's 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDG). It evaluates the social and environmental impact of universities as a centres of education and research, as well as a major employers with the operational sustainability challenges of any large and complex organisation.

The University of 野狼社区 has placed social responsibility as one of five foundations in its new strategy From 野狼社区 for the world, and as one of the world鈥檚 leading research institutions, the University is driving global change through groundbreaking research, teaching, community engagement and responsible campus operations.

In the past five years alone, 野狼社区 academics have produced more than 21,500 SDG-related research publications, accounting for 4% of all UK research on the goals.

Through teaching, students are empowered to address global challenges through accessible education, the Stellify programme and curriculum-embedded social responsibility opportunities.

The University holds a prestigious Platinum Watermark for excellence in public engagement and its work with cultural institutions including 野狼社区 Museum, the Whitworth, Jodrell Bank Discovery Centre and the John Rylands Research Institute and Library, aims involve and inspire local and global communities with the SDGs.

Meanwhile, its campus operations continue these values, from being a living wage employer and a leader in equality standards to its commitment to reach zero carbon by 2038.

Earlier this year, the University begun powering its campus with clean, renewable electricity from a major new solar farm, which means that up to 65% of the University鈥檚 electricity demand will now be met from exclusive 鈥榥ew-to-earth鈥� renewable infrastructure. The move will reduce University carbon emissions by 12,000 tonnes of CO2e each year - enough to power 21,000 homes.

Their symptoms are investigated less often, they receive less treatment, and have a poorer prognosis according to the study funded by the National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Greater 野狼社区 Patient Safety Research Collaboration (GM PSRC). 

The results of the most comprehensive investigation ever carried out 鈥� using huge national datasets - are published today (insert date) in the journal The Lancet Regional Health 鈥� Europe. 

The study using linked primary care, hospital, and national cancer and death records from England, compared 180,911 individuals with a learning disability to over 3.4 million matched comparators. 

According to the study, people with learning disabilities were about half as likely to be referred for urgent investigation when they had 鈥榬ed flag鈥� symptoms that could be due to cancer. They were more often diagnosed after the disease had spread, when cure was not possible, and were less likely to receive surgery, radiotherapy, or systemic anticancer therapy. 

Life expectancy after cancer diagnosis was significantly shorter, particularly among those with severe learning disability or Down syndrome, with most dying within four years of diagnosis compared with nine years among those without a learning disability. 

The study found that several cancers were more common among people with learning disabilities. Rates of sarcoma were around twice as high, cancers of the central nervous system were three and a half times higher, testicular cancer was twice as high, and uterine cancer was about 70% higher compared with the general population. 

While some cancers, including melanoma, breast and prostate cancer were less common among people with learning disabilities, those affected had up to a fourfold higher risk of death after diagnosis, highlighting possible delays in diagnosis and inequities in access to timely and effective treatment. 

The research team also found that people with learning disabilities were over 70% more likely to develop cancer before the age of 50. This pattern was especially strong for nervous system, uterine, ovarian and digestive tract cancers. Oesophageal cancer in the under 50s, was more than five-fold higher in those with a learning disability. 

Lead author Dr Oliver Kennedy, Clinical Lecturer at The University of 野狼社区 and The Christie said: 鈥淲e already know that people with a learning disability face poorer health outcomes, but the burden of cancer in this population is poorly understood. 

鈥淭hat is why this study, the most comprehensive population-based investigation of cancer in people with a learning disability, is so crucial to understand the immense challenges this vulnerable population group face in cancer care. 

鈥淭here is an urgent need for effective strategies to improve cancer detection and care鈥�

Principal Investigator Prof Darren Ashcroft from The University of 野狼社区 is Director of the NIHR Greater 野狼社区 Patient Safety Research Collaboration (GM PSRC)  

He said: 鈥淧eople with a learning disability frequently encounter barriers to healthcare access, such as communication difficulties and  diagnostic overshadowing, where clinicians might attribute new symptoms to an existing diagnosis instead of investigating other possible causes.

鈥淭hese contribute to poorer health outcomes in general. On average, adults with a learning disability die 19鈥�23 years earlier and it is widely accepted that 42% of deaths are considered preventable.

鈥淭his study highlights critical gaps and persistent uncertainties in cancer care for people with a learning disability that merit further investigation.鈥�

Dr Kennedy added: 鈥淲e suspect many people with learning disability experience missed opportunities for earlier diagnosis given the reduced likelihood of urgent suspected cancer referral following red-flag symptoms.

鈥淭his was probably why more cancers were diagnosed outside the urgent suspected cancer referral pathway, and more frequently at an advanced stage.

鈥淏arriers such as lack of staff training, communication challenges and inflexible appointment systems may also contribute to these disparities.鈥�

Jon Sparkes OBE, chief executive of learning disability charity Mencap, said: 鈥淲e already know that cancer is the second most common cause of avoidable death amongst people with a learning disability.

鈥淚t鈥檚 unacceptable that late diagnosis and lack of urgent referral for treatment is costing people with a learning disability years of life.

鈥淢elanoma, breast and prostate cancer are eminently treatable, yet people with a learning disability are four times more likely to die of them even after diagnosis. There鈥檚 something deeply wrong when people die for want of proper screening or treatment.

鈥淭he NHS must do better, with priority screening at a younger age and urgent referral for people with a learning disability, who we know are at greater risk of certain cancers.鈥�

CASE STUDY:

Annabell Downey, supported by Mencap in Hexham, Northumberland has terminal cancer. She said:

鈥淚鈥檇 gone to the doctor countless times with back pain but I found it hard to explain how bad it was. The pain scale didn鈥檛 mean anything to me and when I was asked if I could walk about as normal, I struggled to convey that sometimes I鈥檇 be fine, other times I鈥檇 be curled up in agony.

鈥淎nd, though I鈥檇 had breast pain for some time, I didn鈥檛 realise it might be related.

鈥淪omeone without a learning disability might volunteer that information, questioning if there was a link 鈥� but it didn鈥檛 occur to me. No one ever asked if I had pain elsewhere until I was in hospital.

The  paper 鈥楥ancer diagnoses, referrals, and survival in people with a learning disability in the UK: a population-based, matched cohort study鈥�, published in Lancet European Health is available

Interestingly, the index did not predict COVID-19 mortality or pandemic-related excess deaths - the researchers say this may reflect that some aspects of resilience 鈥� such as good transport links, mobility and strong social connectedness 鈥� can increase exposure risk during fast-moving infectious disease outbreaks.

The team believes their findings could help shape future public health policy. While deprivation measures like the Index of Multiple Deprivation will remain key tools, resilience-based measures may help councils and national bodies identify communities that need support - not just because of what they lack, but because of the assets they can build upon.

The researchers hope the index will be used alongside deprivation indices to guide investment in social infrastructure, voluntary sector capacity, community spaces and local connectivity.

With arts subjects continuing to decrease in school timetables, the research provides compelling evidence for policymakers to rethink how creativity is valued.

鈥淭his analysis meaningfully contributes to the body of evidence on investing in arts and culture as an investment in young people鈥檚 future,鈥� said Dr Maliha Rahanaz, author of the report. 鈥淓very young person deserves the chance to imagine, create and belong.鈥�

鈼�&苍产蝉辫;&苍产蝉辫;&苍产蝉辫;&苍产蝉辫;&苍产蝉辫;&苍产蝉辫;&苍产蝉辫; The campaign will mobilise more than half a million global alumni, supporters, staff and students with a target of raising 拢400M to drive transformative change.

鈼�&苍产蝉辫;&苍产蝉辫;&苍产蝉辫;&苍产蝉辫;&苍产蝉辫;&苍产蝉辫;&苍产蝉辫; 鈥淐hallenge Accepted鈥� will focus on four core priorities: student inclusion and success; research with purpose; innovation and enterprise; and culture and community - accelerating the University's ambitious 野狼社区 2035 strategy.

The University of 野狼社区 has launched a landmark 拢400m global fundraising and volunteering campaign to drive transformative change across research, student support, innovation and culture and back bold solutions to the world's most pressing problems.

"Challenge Accepted" marks a defining moment for the University as it looks ahead to its third century, building on 200 years of turning world-changing discoveries into practical impact - from splitting the atom, isolating graphene, challenging social norms, and building the first programmable computer.

Built in the world's first modern city, The University of 野狼社区 has always pursued new ideas, creating knowledge for public good to shape the region and the wider world. But today's challenges demand more, which this campaign aims to address.

The launch follows the recent unveiling of the University's 野狼社区 2035 strategy, which sets out an ambitious vision to become the partner of choice for those committed to excellence and turning knowledge into impact for the public good. The fundraising campaign will accelerate delivery of this strategy, channelling philanthropic giving and volunteering support into four priority areas:

鈼�&苍产蝉辫;&苍产蝉辫;&苍产蝉辫;&苍产蝉辫;&苍产蝉辫;&苍产蝉辫;&苍产蝉辫; Research with purpose: Backing researchers tackling today's most urgent problems - from quantum physics and cancer research to climate resilience and social innovation - getting breakthrough discoveries like cancer drugs out of labs and into patients more quickly.

鈼�&苍产蝉辫;&苍产蝉辫;&苍产蝉辫;&苍产蝉辫;&苍产蝉辫;&苍产蝉辫;&苍产蝉辫; Innovation and enterprise: Connecting world-leading research with our innovation ecosystem, civic networks and entrepreneurial hubs. Supporting entrepreneurial students and staff to address global challenges in green energy, health equity and digital inclusion, with the ambition to become Europe's most impactful innovation network and drive inclusive growth for Greater 野狼社区 and beyond.

鈼�&苍产蝉辫;&苍产蝉辫;&苍产蝉辫;&苍产蝉辫;&苍产蝉辫;&苍产蝉辫;&苍产蝉辫; Culture and community: Harnessing the University's world-class cultural institutions - the Whitworth, 野狼社区 Museum, the John Rylands Library and Jodrell Bank - as engines of inclusion and creativity, tackling mental health challenges, reaching 40,000 school children annually and creating spaces where marginalised communities feel welcome.

鈼�&苍产蝉辫;&苍产蝉辫;&苍产蝉辫;&苍产蝉辫;&苍产蝉辫;&苍产蝉辫;&苍产蝉辫; Student inclusion and success: Removing barriers to access and supporting leadership and career success through scholarships, mentorship, wellbeing support and paid work opportunities, preparing students from all backgrounds to become the leaders and citizens who will change the world.

The campaign reflects the University's role as a great civic university for the 21st century in the digital age. By connecting brilliant people to work together - academics, students, partners, alumni and civic leaders - the University will deliver real-world change, both locally in 野狼社区 and globally.

Professor Brian Cox, Professor of Particle Physics and Royal Society Professor for Public Engagement in Science at The University of 野狼社区, is a Challenge Accepted ambassador. He said: "This is such an exciting moment for The University of 野狼社区, and for all of us whose work here depends on the generosity of philanthropists.

 "Their support drives the curiosity-led research that deepens our understanding of the world - from developing new cancer treatments and tackling climate change, to exploring the origins of the universe.

 "The truth is, we never know which discovery will transform our future - and that鈥檚 what makes philanthropy so powerful. Whether it鈥檚 funding a PhD, supporting a particular area of research or innovation, every gift fuels the people and ideas needed to tackle the challenges of our time.鈥�

Professor Duncan Ivison, President and Vice-Chancellor of The University of 野狼社区, said: "At The University of 野狼社区, turning discovery into impact is what we do. Through this campaign, we're mobilising our entire community to deliver real-world change. The support of academics, students, partners, alumni and civic leaders will help us deliver the next life-saving medical discovery, the next leap in sustainable technology, and support the next generation of global changemakers.

"The great universities of the 21st century are going to be the ones that get their work out into the world and make a difference, faster. I am deeply grateful to everyone who has already supported 野狼社区, and I warmly invite others to join us. The future won't be shaped by those who wait. It will be shaped by those who say: 'Challenge Accepted.'"

The campaign builds on existing momentum, with major gifts already accelerating high-impact research and expanding student support.

In 2024, The University of 野狼社区 received a $1.3 million donation from alumna Judith Sear to accelerate cancer research impact. The generous gift, which was made to the North American Foundation for The University of 野狼社区 (NAFUM), created the Sear Family Cancer Research Fund. The first initiative supported by the fund is a four-year Sear Family Cancer Research PhD, into which early-career researcher Gala Konteva has been recruited. Her research will focus on improving outcomes for lung cancer sufferers.

Also in 2024, Sir Terry Leahy pledged 拢1.5 million to fund research into regional economic disparities. The gift supports the Sir Terry Leahy Chair in Urban and Regional Economics. The role is part of Alliance 野狼社区 Business School (AMBS), which oversees detailed research into regional productivity inequalities. The first appointment to the Chair was award-winning economist Professor Philip McCann 鈥� a specialist in the analysis of regional economic inequalities and the identification of new pathways to change the trajectory of the UK economy.

Through Challenge Accepted, supporters can engage directly with academic leadership, shape a meaningful legacy through named gifts and bespoke partnerships, and explore causes that reflect their passions - from discovery science to social justice.

For more information about the Challenge Accepted campaign and to start a conversation about how your support can make a difference, visit www.manchester.ac.uk/give

The study found that the PBoC uses its financial tools in very practical ways to support China鈥檚 green industries. For example, it offers cheaper loans for renewable energy projects and allows banks to borrow more easily when they invest in approved green sectors. Since 2021, one programme alone has supported more than 拢120 billion in green lending.

By contrast, the Bank of England and European Central Bank have focused mainly on encouraging banks to think about climate risk, rather than shifting financial markets directly. The researchers describe this as an 鈥渋ndirect鈥� approach that has little real-world impact.

What makes the Chinese case unique is how the government sets the direction - such as its pledge to reach carbon neutrality by 2060 - and then expects the central bank to help deliver it. The PBoC still has technical freedom to design its own tools, but its mission is clear. One PBoC staff member told the researchers: 鈥淭he government sets the goal. We decide how to get there.鈥�

Dr Jackson says this offers an important lesson for the climate era. 鈥淲e鈥檙e not saying countries should copy China鈥檚 political system, but we are saying that central banks around the world may need to rethink how they work with governments. In order to tackle climate change and adapt to its impacts, we need financial systems that can move quickly - not slowly.鈥�

The report is based on extensive research and evidence from over 200 experts, practitioners, policymakers, academics and community representatives. 

Professor Pilkington鈥檚 remit was to scrutinise the evidence around the Government鈥檚 Prevent programme - which aims to identify and rehabilitate people at risk of radicalisation - drawing on her research expertise in youth engagement and the societal drivers of extremism.  

Referrals to Prevent increased markedly after 2015, when it became a legal duty for teachers, social workers, nurses and other frontline professionals to report people they believed to be at risk of being drawn into terrorism or extremism. Referrals jumped from a few hundred a year before 2015, to an average of 6,458 per year since 2015 and to a record number of 8,517 in 2024-25. 

More than two thirds of these referrals were for concerns that had no - or no clear - ideological dimension, meaning that a counter-terrorism intervention was not an appropriate response.  Almost half of referrals were for children aged 11-17, and a third had at least one mental health or neurodivergence condition.  

鈥淲e have lost a lot of trust in communities over the Prevent programme,鈥� said Professor Hilary Pilkington. 鈥淭he whole of society has to live better together, and that requires social cohesion for all communities.鈥�

鈥淚t should constitute one element of a broader, more holistic and better resourced multi-agency safeguarding approach that addresses diverse drivers of violence and to which individuals are referred via a 鈥榖ig front door鈥�,鈥� Hilary added.

The Commission sets out 113 recommendations to modernise the UK鈥檚 counter-terrorism framework and strengthen its fairness, focus and accountability. 

The report concludes that while the UK鈥檚 counter-terrorism system remains world-leading, it has grown complex and overbroad. Key reforms are needed to ensure it remains effective, proportionate, and rooted in democratic values. As well as the recommendations concerning the Prevent programme, it also recommends that the government: 

• Narrow the legal definition of terrorism, ensuring clarity and proportionality.  

• Reform proscription powers, introducing time-limited reviews and stronger parliamentary and judicial oversight.

• Tighten terrorism offences, ensuring prosecutions are fair, proportionate, and grounded in clear intent.  

• Restore equality in citizenship law, limiting deprivation powers and ensuring fair treatment under the law.  

• Invest in social cohesion, recognising that inclusion and trust are vital to long-term security.